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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acanthospermum Acanthospermum australe Acanthospermum hispidum Acanthospermum humile Achyrachaena Achyrachaena

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Alliaria Alliaria petiolata Alyssum Alyssum alyssoides Alyssum desertorum Alyssum murale Alyssum obovatum

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Abietinella Abietinella abietina Acroporium Acroporium smallii Alsia Alsia californica Amblyodon Amblyodon

Mosses (Phylum Bryophyta) Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Literature Cited A Acaulon Acaulon muticum Acaulon muticum var. muticum Acaulon muticum var

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acamptopappus Acamptopappus shockleyi Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var.

with Emphasis on Scrophulariaceae in the Broad Sense Credits Literature Cited A Agalinis Agalinis aphylla Agalinis aspera Agalinis auriculata Agalinis

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited Index to families/volumes of vascular plants A Abelmoschus Abelmoschus esculentus Abutilon Abutilon abutiloides

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acanthoscyphus Acanthoscyphus parishii Acanthoscyphus parishii var. abramsii Acanthoscyphus parishii var

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acaena Acaena novae-zelandiae Acaena pallida Acaena pinnatifida Adenostoma Adenostoma fasciculatum Adenostoma

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited Index to families/volumes of vascular plants, current as of April 2016 A Acalypha Acalypha alopecuroidea

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Abildgaardia Abildgaardia ovata Amphiscirpus Amphiscirpus nevadensis B Blysmopsis Blysmopsis rufa Bolboschoenus

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Aeonium Aeonium arboreum Aeonium arboreum var. arboreum Aeonium haworthii Agarista Agarista populifolia

Preface Introduction Credits Literature cited A Abronia Abronia alpina Abronia ameliae Abronia ammophila Abronia angustifolia Abronia argillosa Abronia

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Achillea Achillea alpina Achillea millefolium Achillea nobilis Achillea ptarmica Acourtia Acourtia microcephala

Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Ammannia Ammannia auriculata Ammannia coccinea Ammannia grayi Ammannia latifolia Ammannia robusta Asemeia

vol. 26, 2002; vol. 27, 2007; vol 28, 2014; vol 9, 2014; vol 6, 2015. To cite a particular part of one of the published volumes, use the following model:

publication, did not specifically attribute this combination to Nuttall; he did cite Salisbury in his first mention of the name S. foetidus. Symplocarpus foetidus

Provisional Publications How to Cite Future Volumes For Contributors & Reviewers Purchase the Volumes Literature Cited Copyright Science Outreach Goals

idopsis, 2002); no specimens were cited. G. A. Mulligan (1996), who treated the taxon as Arabis media, did not cite specimens either. Representative Alaskan

as being insignificant relative to similarities. They did not discuss, or cite, the palynological differences presented by Parnell, which are congruent

providing appropriate attribution. For citation instructions, see How to Cite. Distribution data for volumes 24 and 25 (Poaceae family) found in this web

A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Yellow-cress Etymology: Saxon rorippen, name cited by Euricius Cordus, 1515–1544 Synonyms: Brachiolobos Allioni Kardamoglyphos Schlechtendal

1832. David J. Keil Etymology: Pre-Linnaean genus name Amberboi Vaillant, cited by Linnaeus in his original publication of Centaurea Basionym: Centaurea

Flacourtiaceae. The presence, in both families, of salicoid teeth is often cited in support of their close relationship (W. S. Judd 1997b; O. Nandi et al

2: 1037. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 460. 1754. Walter C. Holmes Etymology: Cited by Dioscorides as Roman name for a species of Catananche Linnaeus (Asteraceae)

However, the specimens cited by Haring were variously either T. tortuosa var. fragilifolia or T. alpicola, and of the two cited for Utah by Flowers, the

Credits Literature Cited Asteraceae Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 2 © 2006 Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited Asteraceae Magnoliophyta:

Ficus pseudocarica Miquel was cited by P. A. Munz (1974) as an occasional escape in the Santa Barbara region. It is not cited by other workers, and I have

the literature requires further study to determine which species is being cited. The rhizomes of Acorus calamus contain an aromatic oil that has been used

World succulent Euphorbia and New World cacti is one of the most commonly cited examples of convergent evolution. The most distinctive feature of Euphorbia

Munz (1959), but was cited as a synonym of Atriplex argentea by P. C. Standley (1916). H. M. Hall and F. E. Clements (1923) cited this as a synonym of

the same species as a waif in Lake County, Ohio. T. C. Cooperrider (1995) cited that report and indicated that he had not seen a specimen. Cultivated Ceratostigma

11 (1 in the flora). In his revision of Callaeum, D. M. Johnson (1986c) cited a specimen of C. macropterum (de Candolle) D. M. Johnson, Palmer s.n. in

flowers (simultaneous in C. georgianum and C. glomeratum). Flowering dates cited are for chasmogamous flowers. All species of Crocanthemum are fire-tolerant

Please see below for PDF documents of Literature Cited by volume(s), which have been corrected retrospectively as needed and provide citations as current

microphylla, and for the present species used S. exilifolia. Dorn did not cite specimens of S. exilifolia, but Texas plants, possibly annotated by him,

(1998) found that these specimens are H. nevadense. E. Lawton (1965) did not cite H. nuttalii for these states. The species can be recognized in the field

Lophiola are more obscure and are discussed more fully in the references cited below and under that genus. Geerinck, D. 1969. Genera des Haemodoraceae et

taken in the Richardson Mountain region of Mackenzie. R.L. Hauke (1978) cited collections of E. × font-queri from British Columbia and California. Species

name Stuckenia had been previously published, however, and P. pectinatus cited (C. Börner 1912), making the generic name Coleogeton superfluous. Stuckenia

from the Chinati Mountains, Presidio County, Texas, but no specimens were cited and none have been located. This species grows nearby in Chihuahua, Mexico

stated that the taxon was reported for San Diego County, California, but cited no documenting specimens. I. L. Wiggins (F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins 1964)

publications are copyrighted by the Flora North America Association and are to be cited as follows: Author, Date, Title (e.g. Genus name, Flora of North America

Eleocharis fistulosa (Poiret) Link (= E. acutangula (Roxburgh) Schultes) was cited from North America by H. K. Svenson (1957) and D. S. Correll and H. B. Correll

“informal” series that he did not validly publish. Some of Duke’s series were cited by M. Escamilla and V. Sosa (2000), apparently assuming that they were “real”

width. Leaf blade measurements cited by Stutz et al. are “25–35 mm, 10–13 mm wide.” Leaf blades in the type series cited by those authors actually measure

in dispute because Notholaena has been lectotypified by several authors citing three different type species. The rules of priority favor the first typification

and believe that no continuing populations exist. R. M. Beauchamp (1986) cited populations on banks and dumps; he has stated subsequently (pers. comm.)

possible hybrid between T. ohiensis and Callisia rosea (as Cuthbertia rosea), cited by Anderson and Woodson, is omitted: the specimens appear to be merely gracile

broader sense, including Machaerina Vahl (G. Kükenthal 1942). Later studies (cited by G. C. Tucker 1987) argue against such a broad circumscription of the genus

a thorough study. Saxifraga firma Litvinov ex Losina-Losinskaja has been cited for North America; the name belongs in synonymy of a Eurasian subspecies

reported in southern Florida by J. K. Small (1933). No voucher specimens were cited or are known to exist. Small also reported Zamia pumila Linnaeus from Florida

Tilia glabra Ventenat is a superfluous name; T. americana Linnaeus was cited as a synonym. Tilia michauxii Nuttall was a provisional name and was not

either failed or produced sterile hybrids (Mooring 2002). D. P. Tibor (2001) cited nine taxa of Eriophyllum as rare or endangered: the perennials E. confertiflorum

Scrophularia macrantha, with relatively showy, large, red corollas, is often cited as hummingbird-visited, and other species are hummingbird-visited as well;

the only pistillate branch is very immature. The name A. gardneri, also cited provisionally by Watson within the concept of A. nuttallii, clearly has priority

feature in robust (longer) stems and leaves. Dichodontium olympicum is often cited as dioicous in past literature, while J.-P. Frahm et al. (1998) correctly

Specimens of D. sitchense from Greenland, Newfoundland, and Washington cited by J. H. Wilce (1965) are actually this hybrid. None. None. window.prope

subsp. luteospadix (Fernald) Blackwell & Blackwell. All of the specimens cited in their treatment of the genus are P. virginica. The two species of Peltandra

ends. Although the prorulae are small (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981 cited the cells as smooth), they are easily seen at 400× since they are relatively

Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wis., Wyo. All of the chromosome counts cited by E. Anderson (1954) for this species are attributable to Tradescantia occidentalis

at Newport News, Warwich County, Virginia, by Clyde F. Reed (PH!). It is cited here as a chance introduction whose continuance in a unique habitat should

(Arisaema). Araceae contain crystals of calcium oxalate, which are often cited as causing the intense irritation experienced when handling or consuming

(1989) to be weakly differentiated in North America, and he tentatively cited specimens from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and South Dakota. Ando noted that

Progress towards consensus. Bradleya 8: 85–107. Hunt, D. R., comp. 1999. CITES Cactaceae Checklist, ed. 2. Kew. Wallace, R. S. 1995. Molecular systematic

S. exigua subsp. coronaria consistent with results of previous studies (cited above). It is to be hoped that taxonomic information presented below will

(long-)rectangular with smooth surfaces (R. Ochyra 1989). M. R. Crosby et al. (1999) cited four genera for the family, Actinothuidium Brotherus, Echinophyllum (as Bryochenea

Caryopses 3.5-6 mm, terete. 2n = 22. Cialdella & Giussani (2002) mistakenly cited Gould (1958) as having reported 2n = 28. Generated Map Legacy Map Del., D

each cited from California, Utah, and Oregon). The specimen examined by Howell was apparently the Oregon collection by [Elihu] Hall that Gray cited. The

common (D. K. Northington 1974; B. L. Turner and K. J. Kim 1990; and works cited therein). Northington, D. K. 1974. Systematic studies of the genus Pyrrhopappus

1993) are also in accord with the segregation of these two subgenera; in the cited article, these groups are called sect. Amaranthus and sect. Blitopsis. None

H. Bailey et al. (1976) listed taxa only in the horticultural trade and cited 34 species and 36 cultivars that had been listed in the previous two decades

thereof is based on information in floras, on herbarium labels, or in reports cited in the Plants for a Future database (www.ibiblio.org/pfaf), not on personal

and molecular examination of the holotype as well as the other specimens cited in the original description showed that three characters in M. Garneau's

R. Shevock (2004) of G. tergestina from North America. We have seen all cited specimens in these papers and they all represent G. crinitoleucophaea or

remains to be determined. The pistillate flowers of Nestronia have been cited as an example of a receptacular inferior ovary by F. H. Smith and E. C. Smith

regions. Muenscher's report was presumably based on J. K. Small (1933), who cited the species as abundant along newly built levees of the Mississippi River

It was also tentatively reported for New Mexico, but no localities were cited (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980). The proper taxonomic position of

as Polygonum polystachyum or Aconogonon polystachyum. Hong S. P. (1993) cited morphological and anatomical evidence for including Rubrivena in Persicaria

Cyperus dentatus from West Virginia (M. V. McGivney 1938) is erroneous; the cited specimen was from New Jersey (Gutenberg s.n. 1886, US) (M. Strong, pers.

a life medicine and as a protection against witches (D.E. Moerman 1986, citing M. aristatus). None. Myosurus apetalus var. borealis, Myosurus apetalus

m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; B.C., c Asia. British Columbia is cited on the basis of a 1936 collection from ballast in Vancouver. Amberboa moschata

have been described among the North American plants (in addition to the two cited above), based on variation in habit, vestiture, and leaf morphology and density

known, also is mentioned in the discussion, and pertinent literature is cited. (Please see CAUTION below.) All genera, and approximately one out of three

as cited in the USDA Plants database) and Texas (M. Pollard et al. 2009) are in error; no vouchers are known from Maryland and the specimen cited for

The specimen cited by D. D. Keck (1938) from Douglas County, Oregon, is here referred to Horkelia tridentata var. tridentata; specimens cited from Jackson

all species treated here in Pityopsis (J. C. Semple 1981, 1996, literature cited therein). The two annual species of Bradburia are excluded, although G. L

chromosome number found in Corylus species, with both 2n = 22 and 2n = 28 being cited. J. G. Packer (pers. comm.) believes that the 2n = 28 for several species

throats, and as a general disinfectant (D. E. Moerman 1986, no subspecies cited). None. Corydalis aurea subsp. aurea, Corydalis aurea subsp. occidentalis

separable from the alpine var. microphylla populations. The flavonoid data cited in support of combining K. microphylla and K. occidentalis are unpublished

fruit yields ca. 10 tons/ha/yr. Moringa pterygosperma Gaertner is a commonly cited synonym of M. oleifera. However, the name is illegitimate as it is based

estimates 21 to 80 populations of var. speciosa throughout its range and cites activities affecting wetland hydrology as threats to these populations. None

Legacy Map Greenland, Alta., B.C., N.W.T., Nunavut, Yukon, Alaska, Asia. Citing N. Polunin (1940), S. G. Aiken et al. (2007) reiterated that subsp. arctica

Crataegus crus-galli, less in species like C. fecunda. E. J. Palmer (1925) cited well over 100 names for the series (C. persimilis, which keys out in the

making sect. Pentaphylloides Tausch a later homonym. In that Boehmer was citing synonyms, not infrataxa, sect. Pentaphylloides Tausch is the correct name

believed to be a garden escape; that from southern Florida on a specimen cited by C. Sinclair (1967). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

comprises one or more hybrids with unstable host preferences. Some specimens cited by L. R. Heckard (1973) were previously misidentified as Orobanche ludoviciana

homonym) but was actually based on Gerbera lyrata Schultz-Bipontinus, which was cited in synonymy by Nesom. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

the complex, sometimes they are similar. For example, L. Constance (1937) cited specimens of var. lanceolatum with features of varieties integrifolium or

which pertains here, is an illegitimate, superfluous name, because Linnaeus cited the earlier B. indica. Triumfetta rhomboidea is known from Florida only by

wrightii follows their citation of a collection from that state, the only one cited by them apart from the type. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

threatened in several eastern coastal states (R. D. Sutter 1984). Linnaeus cited Pennsylvania as the type locality, but probably his material came from the

Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev., Mexico (Baja California). L. H. Bailey (1936) cited S. Watson, not H. Wendland, as the combining authority of this species, believing

Q. palustris, Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and Q. velutina. D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. hemisphaerica, Q. imbricaria, Q. laurifolia

synonym V. parviflora (Hemsley) Rose; R. T. Clausen (1940), without comment, cited a collection by W. B. Cannon and F. E. Lloyd (NY [also US]), supposedly from

at one time included almost all Stipeae with an elongated floret. Keng (cited in Tsvelev 1977) transferred some Chinese species of Stipa sensu lato with

within the genus. While the base chromosome number for Cerastium is often cited as x = 9, only a single count of 2n = 18 is known; see C. Favarger and M

and Louisiana. It is adventive in Ohio. Since Arundo canadensis Michx. was cited as a synonym for both Arundo cinnoides Muhl. and Calamagrostis cinnoides

brevicaulis. Herrea Schwantes is closely related to Conicosia; it has been wrongly cited for California. Conicosia and Herrea share a number of characteristics; they

relative of Gymnosperma is the Caribbean genus Gundlachia A. Gray (x = 9), citing vegetative and reproductive similarities. Solbrig, O. T. 1961. Note on Gymnosperma

H. A. Möller (1929) synonymized it with G. elatior, and J. Muñoz (1999b) cited it as G. arcuatifolia, which is a synonym of G. lisae. Grimmia elatior is

Elevation: 1500-2300 m Generated Map Legacy Map Colo., Utah, Wyo. Specimens cited by H. M. Hall and F. E. Clements (1923) from central Utah within their concept

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The basionym of Mentzelia humilis is often cited as M. multiflora var. humilis A. Gray (1852). However, in that publication

publication on C. calceolus var. parviflorum actually treated var. makasin, citing a description of that variety and clearly discussing the northern plant

cytometry by M. B. Burgess et al. (unpubl.) or are from publications to be cited by Burgess et al. The interplay of hybridization and agamospermy has the

context for distinguishing between taxa. The distylous flowers are often cited as a classic example of heterostyly via pin (long-styled) and thrum (short-styled)

divided them into two to several species. For this complex C. H. Uhl (1952) cited six published chromosome counts from Greenland through Eurasia to Japan,

his new combination based on the nomen nudum Clypeola minus Linnaeus and cited A. campestre Linnaeus as a synonym. Therefore, that combination is illegitimate

are in doubt because vouchers and other information are lacking. The often-cited n = 10 is probably erroneous. S.-O. Strandhede and R. M. T. Dahlgren (1968)

specimen of Sedum pumilum cited by R. T. Clausen (1975) as needing confirmation is not of this species, and the Nuttall specimen cited for Oregon by W. H. Brewer

been reported from Custer County, Idaho (S. Caicco et al. 1983). Specimens cited in that paper have not been seen, but a collection from the same area by

comm.), “The Kartesz citation is puzzling. This taxon [C. bovina] is not cited in the 1924 volume of Rhodora or anywhere in the first 50 years of Rhodora

fish. The seeds are palatable to birds, giving rise to the common names cited above. Individual plants produce either mottled, striped, or solid gray or

Mex., N.Dak., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wis., Wyo. Viola discurrens is cited here in synonymy because in his original description, based on a plant from

venulosa is a homonym of a fossil species. In addition, D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization with Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, Q. marilandica

×inodorum Miller = H. androsaemum Linnaeus × hircinum Linnaeus) was wrongly cited as from North America by Aiton and was not conclusively recognized as an

from Florida and a cultivated specimen of O. ensatum from Guatemala were cited by R. P. Sauleda and R. M. Adams (1989). My study of Oncidium ensatum throughout

conspecific with P. parvula A. Gray within this context. A. Gray (1887) cited P. halimoides from the Florida Keys; that is unconfirmed and is likely a

it intergrades extensively with vars. lanosa and glabriuscula. A specimen cited by P. Stockwell (1940) from Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington (Suksdorf

Map Legacy Map Calif., Mexico (Baja California). Subspecies platycarpha is cited as severely declining in abundance because of urban development (D. P. Tibor

, Kans., S.C., Tex., South America. M. Bywater and G. E. Wickens (1984) cited Crassula drummondii also from Arizona; I have referred their specimen (Spring

discontinuities exist for recognition of varieties. P. A. Munz (1974) mistakenly cited var. megalantha as Mentzelia involucrata subsp. megalantha I. M. Johnston

distinct. Differences with M. scandens, including chemical evidence, were cited by Holmes (1981). For additional information, see Holmes (1981, 1993). None

could be verified by the authors, and the remaining Canadian distribution cited above must be viewed, then, with skepticism. E. Nyholm (1986+, fasc. 1) stated

gardens. Rafinesque applied the name Therofon napelloides to this species, citing Nuttall’s Boykinia aconitifolia as a synonym. The former is therefore illegitimate

specimens we have seen possess in greater-or-lesser degree those features cited by H. P. H. Walter (1909) in his description of this taxon. The sepals are

Tennessee are not sharply distinct from S. ecirrhata. J. K. Mangaly (1968) cited this as possible evidence of divergence from that species. None. None. window

reported E. mesochoreum from Indiana, but an examination of the specimens cited, now at IND, showed that these are E. albidum. E. L. Braun (1967) reported

Clements (1923), who did not see the Thurber type material, but did see another cited specimen, Wright 571, from west Texas, which is referable to Atriplex elegans

characters examined, the character state distribution of P. elatius (here cited as var. elatius) was most similar to that of P. hendersonii. Variety elatius

again during the past five decades. Although we have not examined all of his cited specimens, those on which the Missouri and Nebraska records are based belong

[reported from Georgia by C. Sinclair (1967, p. 87), but no specimens are cited and I have seen none]. At present, the two species can be separated only

var. hirsuta (as treated here) as Collinsia corymbosa (V. M. Newsom 1929, cited as transitional to C. bartsiifolia var. bartsiifolia by E. C. Neese 1993b)

species from C. hepburnii (T. V. Egorova 1999). The differences of perigynia, cited by Egorova and well illustrated in A. Cronquist (1969), can define two taxa

are subcylindric and curved. Leskea angustata Taylor Leskea angustata was cited for the flora area by L. E. Anderson et al. (1990). However, no voucher specimens

based on anterior taxonomy, could not be confirmed in the molecular studies cited above. I chose not to use subgeneric limits as proposed by Nesom because

groups or subtribes led to a redefinition of many genera (see literature cited in each genus) and to the transfer of species between genera. The current

taxon based on its longer corolla and less pinnatifid leaves. Clokey later cited its restricted range in treating it as a subspecies. Examination of specimens

Mountains in Kern and Los Angeles counties. A report from Riverside County (cited in Calflora) is erroneous. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species"

anthers (vs. broad and versatile). Small and Carter first described Zosterella citing only the above differences. Alexander later reported several more distinguishing

other compared to the curving veins of C. foenea. In addition to characters cited in the key, C. foenea has more spreading perigynia and, at maturity, strongly

calyptra. Hastings has examined duplicate specimens from Missouri of those cited by Weber et al. and has determined that they do not deviate significantly

Muñoz (1998b) reported the species on dry rock, but H. C. Greven (1995) cited it as being hygrophytic. Hastings has observed specimens most commonly in

(1962) reported hybrids between E. saximontanum (cited as E. brevistylum) and E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum (cited as E. adenocaulon) from Colorado, and her­barium

are based on a specimen cited by D. D. Keck (1932) that is referable to P. leonardii var. patricus, as are most collections cited by Keck from western Juab

Turner (1995) treated S. robertsianum as a species of uncertain status. They cited specimens from the Del Norte Mountains (the type locality of S. robertsianum

filiform tubes. R. J. Meinke (1992), in a field and greenhouse study not cited by Thompson, found that D. jepsonii and D. nanus are distinct in morphology

subject of a remarkable number of studies, including some unpublished theses cited by various authors. D. N. Wiggs and R. B. Platt (1962) and J. F. McCormick

California specimen of M. tenuiloba var. polyphylla (Standley) J. F. Macbride cited by Macbride (1918) [M. polyphylla (Standley) Standley] is considered to be

than S. arguta; it is found mostly on coastal plains. A. Cronquist (1980, citing G. H. Morton, pers. comm.) noted that some plants from northern Florida

for crenulations at the extreme apex. Literature reports among the states cited were: New Jersey and Oregon (E. Lawton 1971), Massachusetts (F. J. Hilferty

avocado grove in Miami-Dade County (FTG 140029, 140268). The occurrence was cited by R. P. Wunderlin and B. F. Hansen 2003 (K. A. Bradley, pers. comm.). In

the flora area, as done by V. I. Dorofeev (1998), because most specimens cited by him belong, in fact, to D. muralis. None. None. window.propertiesFrom

reports were G. aeruguinosum. R. H. Zander (1977) synonymized the two species, citing intergradation of important features. With recent discoveries of material

ramosa has been reported from Maryland (M. L. Brown and R. G. Brown 1984, as cited in the USDA Plants database); no vouchers are known. None. None. window.

Moore et al. 1998); C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) erroneously cited its habitat as basaltic cliffs, which is the more common rock type on the

and F. taxifolius in Europe and Japan. Z. Iwatsuki and T. Suzuki (1982) cited the occurrence of dwarf male plants (small perigonial stems located on the

Florida (W. L. Peterson and A. J. Sharp 1980). However, the two collections cited from Florida appear to be nothing more than a variation of L. albidum. They

because of increasing intensities of winter freezes. Previous authors have cited this species as Epidendrum difforme Jacquin and considered it to be highly

F. lanceolata, which is illegitimate because when Pursh described it, he cited Lilium camschatcense (= F. camschatcensis) as a synonym but did not adopt

C. Reports of Polygala hookeri from Georgia (A. Weakley, pers. comm. as cited in the USDA Plants database) and Texas (S. L. Hatch et al. 1990) appear to

Populations of var. latifolia that have been ascribed to var. septentrionalis are cited as differing in being alpine, subalpine, and boreal. In New Hampshire, D

and larger floral parts and fruits. Although S. longistylis has often been cited as a synonym of S. lemmonii, examination of the holotype (Henderson s.n.

K. Schelchtendal) Lehmann is superfluous; its counterpart in Dasiphora (cited in synonymy) is valid and legitimate. None. None. window.propertiesFromH

Master's thesis. Long Island University, Brookville, New York, U.S.A. [cited by Spicher and Josselyn] Spicher, D. and M. Josselyn. 1985. Spartina (Gramineae)

Arizona, California, and Nevada. Most of the specimens H. K. Svenson (1929) cited in the protologue and identified on herbarium specimens as E. acicularis

studies that indicate a close relationship with Dichodontium pellucidum, citing the work of M. Stech (1999). The two species have a superficial similarity

Fernald 1950; H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991). However, Jones explicitly cited the isotype of S. subvestita in his specimen citation for S. aucuparia along

hips are all glabrous and most are also eglandular. W. J. Bean (1970–1988) cited Rosa canina var. corymbifera (Borkhousen) Rouy, R. canina var. dumetorum

been able to determine which publication has priority, Engelmann himself cited E. incisa as a synonym of E. schizoloba (in W. H. Brewer et al. 1876–1880

3, 4) of the “Amomum Nova Angliae quorundum." In his protologue, Miller cited Plukenet and was the first to recognize the ovate-leaved, blue-fruited dogwood

is a collection by Richardson labeled “Mackenzie River,” which has been cited by H. M. Raup (1947) and others. W. J. Hooker ([1829–]1833–1840) reported

lanceolate discs, and whitish yellow abaxial leaf surfaces, along with the cited locality of the Kentucky River, clearly delineates this species. Rafinesque

LITERATURE CITED Robert W. Kiger, editor THIS is a consolidated list of all works cited in volume 1. In the entries for articles, serial titles are cited by the

Most people actually involved with conservation of natural resources will cite moral and aesthetic criteria as principal reasons for preserving biodiversity

differentiated base is not evident in material I have seen (some of which was cited by Benson). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section"

1989; Liston and J. W. Kadereit 1995; M. Coleman et al. 2001). The last cited study showed that a previously recognized variety of S. flavus is more closely

pungens, Spergularia macrotheca, and Astragalus tener. This variety was cited in W. L. Jepson (1909–1943, vol. 1) and in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris (1923–1960

1979). Reports of S. collina for Arizona and New York are based on specimens cited by S. Rilke (1999). Its actual distribution seems to be underestimated due

Islands (New Zealand), Australia. As noted by C. Kalkman (1973), Lindley cited Crataegus glabra as a synonym of his proposed new species Photinia serrulata

Psilocarphus elatior. An Idaho specimen from within the range of P. elatior was cited (but not mapped) as P. brevissimus var. multiflorus by A. Cronquist (1950);

S.Dak., Wis. In addition to the range given above, L. D. Benson (1948) cited nineteenth-century specimens from Quebec, New York, Massachusetts, and Rhode

Wheeler counties in north-central Oregon. D. D. Keck and A. Cronquist (1957) cited a specimen from Wheeler County (L. F. Henderson 5503, CAS) as probably this

flora area from Dona Ana, Grant, Hidalgo, Sierra, and Socorro counties (as cited by K. M. Stocking 1955, from vouchers at CAS, GH, POM, and US). None. None

recognized two subspecies sympatric over much of their native ranges (as cited, subsp. triangularis in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay, subsp.

confusing. I am following G. Larsson (1995), who typified S. ×smithiana and cited S. ×sericans (formerly S. cinerea × S. viminalis) and S. caprea × S. viminalis

Parker s.n., MO) was annotated by F. W. Pennell in 1934 as S. flava. He later cited that specimen, the only collection from New Jersey, as S. montevidensis (Pennell

specimen from Glendale, Oregon, (Jones s.n., POM) that was annotated and cited by D. D. Keck (1938) as H. congesta subsp. nemorosa is fully comparable to

currently understood, is heterogeneous. Many specimens from throughout the cited range scarcely differ from specimens of R. flammula var. reptans and perhaps

Leaves of P. macounii are narrower and frequently revolute. It is often cited as being collected on serpentine soils; it is not restricted to them. Senecio

was treated by E. H. Moss and J. G. Packer (1983) as a hybrid. Specimens cited by Boivin are from widely separated localities in southwestern British Columbia

8 cm) and wider (5.5 versus 3.1 cm) than the maximum lengths and widths cited by D. M. Fabijan et al. (1987). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherT

poeppigii is confined to Miami-Dade and Monroe counties; it has been erroneously cited from mid-peninsular Florida on the basis of a mislabeled specimen. The floral

fruits. As for the pubescence of fruiting pedicels, some of the inland plants cited by Hitchcock as L. oblongum (e.g., Brewer 27, GH) have pedicels pubescent

plant is introduced or native there. The material that he annotated and cited as L. nitidum from Chile clearly represents misidentified L. chilense Kunze

confusing. I am following G. Larsson (1995), who typified S. ×smithiana and cited S. ×sericans (formerly S. cinerea × S. viminalis) and S. caprea × S. viminalis

by Greene in his description of D. gracilentum. Several of the paratypes cited by Ewan have been seen, as have a number of individuals in natural populations

and that name was taken up by C. L. Hitchcock and B. Maguire (1947), who cited S. bernardina as a subspecies of S. montana. Unfortunately, the epithet montana

B.C., N.W.T., Alaska, Central America (Guatemala), e Asia. The specimens cited as Didymodon nigrescens from the Firth River Basin by W. C. Steere (1978)

the specimen may be from an individual of Q. inopina. D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization with Q. arkansana, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. inopina

mostly from collections of the species treated here as E. porsildii. He also cited two collections from southwestern Alberta; those and the type collection

margins of leaves intermediate in width between the wide leaves of the above cited species and A. lechuguilla.” However, A. ×glomeruliflora should probably

Florida, and one in McCormick County, South Carolina. Q. P. Sinnott (1985) cited the glabrous style, tubular petals, and greenish sepals of R. echinellum

fimbriata by P. O. Lewis and D. J. Crawford (1995) appears to be in error. They cited J. H. Horton (1963) as the source; Horton did not count this species. None

Sudworth), and Q. velutina (Q. ×demarei Ashe). In addition, D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. arkansana, Q. georgiana, Q. hemisphaerica

Hinsdale, Park, and Saguache counties. E. O. Wooton and P. C. Standley (1915) cited a specimen from Tierra Amarilla, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, which appears

inappropriately placed in Platanthera. See note under 30. P. nivea. The broader leaves cited as distinguishing Platanthera clavellata var. ophioglossoides are more prevalent

×rudkini Britton), and Q. velutina (= Q. ×bushii Sargent). D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. arkansana, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis

report it as occurring in North Dakota and Utah, but neither of the sources cited (McGregor et al. 1986; Welsh et al. 1993) supports its occurrence in these

numbers of Brassicaceae is rather extensive, and rarely is an individual work cited herein in that regard. Instead, the recently compiled cytological data for

best treated as three species (H. arborescens, H. cinerea, and H. radiata), citing chemical, morphological, reproductive, and geographic discontinuities among

(1927) reduced Draba pilosa to a variety of the decaploid D. alpina and cited North American collections. The former species was not listed by C. L. Hitchcock

Rothrock’s description of a misapplied Linnaean name (D. nemorosa), which cited specimens that served as Watson’s type collection. Populations of D. rectifructa

may be native in coastal areas and some inland saline sites in much of the cited range, populations in the Great Lakes region are introduced where, as in

central and western Gulf Coastal Plain and southern Interior Lowland. Pennell cited one specimen each from Florida and Georgia; specimens from those states have

and exceeding 26 µm in length) is distinctive. The specimen from Alaska cited by R. H. Zander (1978c) and mentioned later (Zander 1994f) was redetermined

resemblance to a wheel of cheddar. Cucurbita moschata has sometimes been cited as C. moschata (Duchesne ex Lamarck) Duchesne ex Poiret, based on C. pepo

tiburonensis (G. E. Lindsay) Backeberg and F. herrerae J. G. Ortega, often are cited as varieties of F. wislizeni. All reports of intermediates with F. herrerae

edwardsii that show some or all of the above aspects of E. penlandii could be cited. Weber treated E. penlandii as a subspecies of E. edwardsii, but the only

plants are tetraploid; however, there are exceptions. D. D. Keck (1927) cited some evidence for seasonal change, with yellow flowers occurring early, replaced

that has accounted for the proliferation of names—only a few of which are cited above—applied to this taxon. Of these, only one remains in general use. Variety

appressed fruits are found in Calder 5617a (DAO). Other exceptions can be cited, though the vast majority of the plants examined have leafless, glabrous

to the flora of North America, and the sources of their information are cited. Foreign species are among the most conspicuous and abundant species in places

W. Böcher, C. Brochmann, H. H. Grundt, G. A. Mulligan, and M. D. Windham cited above, those by O. Heilborn (1927) and G. Knaben (1966) also are pertinent

primarily occupied by a broad-leaved deciduous forest (J.A. Wolfe 1985, cited in B.H. Tiffney 1985b) and may not have been a major route of migration for

This work includes 1568 species in the Laurentian area, but Marie-Victorin cited for the whole flora of Quebec, including the Arctic Province and some of

new species of plants. Although Josselyn's drawings were crude, Linnaeus cited this work in 1753. This and Josselyn's later Account of Two Voyages to New

begin to have a major impact on botanical thinking until the 1959 book here cited). Some differences of opinion about polarity remain, but all of the widely

and B. minganense a "form" of B. lunaria. Numerous other examples could be cited. The Gray's Manual treatment in 1950 included 120 named species, 159 additional

regional summaries and research papers but have tried to limit references cited to modern summaries, older classics, and a few research articles that support