the Administration page for more information on the FNAA. Please see How to Cite for details on the correct mode of citation for illustrations.
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more information on Utah State University's copyright. Please see How to Cite for details on the correct mode of citation for illustrations.
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formats should be used, depending on which version is being cited. Citing the online version To cite a particular part of the online version of a published
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edu/ for more information on the Smithsonian Institution. Please see How to Cite for details on the correct mode of citation for illustrations.
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more information on the University of Michigan Herbarium. Please see How to Cite for details on the correct mode of citation for illustrations.
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acanthospermum Acanthospermum australe Acanthospermum hispidum Acanthospermum humile Achyrachaena Achyrachaena
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Alliaria Alliaria petiolata Alyssum Alyssum alyssoides Alyssum desertorum Alyssum murale Alyssum obovatum
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Abietinella Abietinella abietina Acroporium Acroporium smallii Alsia Alsia californica Amblyodon Amblyodon
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Mosses (Phylum Bryophyta) Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Literature Cited A Acaulon Acaulon muticum Acaulon muticum var. muticum Acaulon muticum var
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acamptopappus Acamptopappus shockleyi Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var.
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with Emphasis on Scrophulariaceae in the Broad Sense Credits Literature Cited A Agalinis Agalinis aphylla Agalinis aspera Agalinis auriculata Agalinis
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited Index to families/volumes of vascular plants A Abelmoschus Abelmoschus esculentus Abutilon Abutilon abutiloides
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acanthoscyphus Acanthoscyphus parishii Acanthoscyphus parishii var. abramsii Acanthoscyphus parishii var
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Acaena Acaena novae-zelandiae Acaena pallida Acaena pinnatifida Adenostoma Adenostoma fasciculatum Adenostoma
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited Index to families/volumes of vascular plants, current as of April 2016 A Acalypha Acalypha alopecuroidea
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Abildgaardia Abildgaardia ovata Amphiscirpus Amphiscirpus nevadensis B Blysmopsis Blysmopsis rufa Bolboschoenus
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Aeonium Aeonium arboreum Aeonium arboreum var. arboreum Aeonium haworthii Agarista Agarista populifolia
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature cited A Abronia Abronia alpina Abronia ameliae Abronia ammophila Abronia angustifolia Abronia argillosa Abronia
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Achillea Achillea alpina Achillea millefolium Achillea nobilis Achillea ptarmica Acourtia Acourtia microcephala
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Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited A Ammannia Ammannia auriculata Ammannia coccinea Ammannia grayi Ammannia latifolia Ammannia robusta Asemeia
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vol. 26, 2002; vol. 27, 2007; vol 28, 2014; vol 9, 2014; vol 6, 2015. To cite a particular part of one of the published volumes, use the following model:
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publication, did not specifically attribute this combination to Nuttall; he did cite Salisbury in his first mention of the name S. foetidus. Symplocarpus foetidus
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Provisional Publications How to Cite Future Volumes For Contributors & Reviewers Purchase the Volumes Literature Cited Copyright Science Outreach Goals
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idopsis, 2002); no specimens were cited. G. A. Mulligan (1996), who treated the taxon as Arabis media, did not cite specimens either. Representative Alaskan
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as being insignificant relative to similarities. They did not discuss, or cite, the palynological differences presented by Parnell, which are congruent
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providing appropriate attribution. For citation instructions, see How to Cite. Distribution data for volumes 24 and 25 (Poaceae family) found in this web
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A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Yellow-cress Etymology: Saxon rorippen, name cited by Euricius Cordus, 1515–1544 Synonyms: Brachiolobos Allioni Kardamoglyphos Schlechtendal
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1832. David J. Keil Etymology: Pre-Linnaean genus name Amberboi Vaillant, cited by Linnaeus in his original publication of Centaurea Basionym: Centaurea
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Flacourtiaceae. The presence, in both families, of salicoid teeth is often cited in support of their close relationship (W. S. Judd 1997b; O. Nandi et al
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2: 1037. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 460. 1754. Walter C. Holmes Etymology: Cited by Dioscorides as Roman name for a species of Catananche Linnaeus (Asteraceae)
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However, the specimens cited by Haring were variously either T. tortuosa var. fragilifolia or T. alpicola, and of the two cited for Utah by Flowers, the
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Credits Literature Cited Asteraceae Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 2 © 2006 Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited Asteraceae Magnoliophyta:
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Ficus pseudocarica Miquel was cited by P. A. Munz (1974) as an occasional escape in the Santa Barbara region. It is not cited by other workers, and I have
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the literature requires further study to determine which species is being cited. The rhizomes of Acorus calamus contain an aromatic oil that has been used
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World succulent Euphorbia and New World cacti is one of the most commonly cited examples of convergent evolution. The most distinctive feature of Euphorbia
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Munz (1959), but was cited as a synonym of Atriplex argentea by P. C. Standley (1916). H. M. Hall and F. E. Clements (1923) cited this as a synonym of
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the same species as a waif in Lake County, Ohio. T. C. Cooperrider (1995) cited that report and indicated that he had not seen a specimen. Cultivated Ceratostigma
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11 (1 in the flora). In his revision of Callaeum, D. M. Johnson (1986c) cited a specimen of C. macropterum (de Candolle) D. M. Johnson, Palmer s.n. in
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flowers (simultaneous in C. georgianum and C. glomeratum). Flowering dates cited are for chasmogamous flowers. All species of Crocanthemum are fire-tolerant
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Please see below for PDF documents of Literature Cited by volume(s), which have been corrected retrospectively as needed and provide citations as current
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microphylla, and for the present species used S. exilifolia. Dorn did not cite specimens of S. exilifolia, but Texas plants, possibly annotated by him,
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(1998) found that these specimens are H. nevadense. E. Lawton (1965) did not cite H. nuttalii for these states. The species can be recognized in the field
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Lophiola are more obscure and are discussed more fully in the references cited below and under that genus. Geerinck, D. 1969. Genera des Haemodoraceae et
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taken in the Richardson Mountain region of Mackenzie. R.L. Hauke (1978) cited collections of E. × font-queri from British Columbia and California. Species
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name Stuckenia had been previously published, however, and P. pectinatus cited (C. Börner 1912), making the generic name Coleogeton superfluous. Stuckenia
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from the Chinati Mountains, Presidio County, Texas, but no specimens were cited and none have been located. This species grows nearby in Chihuahua, Mexico
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stated that the taxon was reported for San Diego County, California, but cited no documenting specimens. I. L. Wiggins (F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins 1964)
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publications are copyrighted by the Flora North America Association and are to be cited as follows: Author, Date, Title (e.g. Genus name, Flora of North America
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Eleocharis fistulosa (Poiret) Link (= E. acutangula (Roxburgh) Schultes) was cited from North America by H. K. Svenson (1957) and D. S. Correll and H. B. Correll
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“informal” series that he did not validly publish. Some of Duke’s series were cited by M. Escamilla and V. Sosa (2000), apparently assuming that they were “real”
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width. Leaf blade measurements cited by Stutz et al. are “25–35 mm, 10–13 mm wide.” Leaf blades in the type series cited by those authors actually measure
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in dispute because Notholaena has been lectotypified by several authors citing three different type species. The rules of priority favor the first typification
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and believe that no continuing populations exist. R. M. Beauchamp (1986) cited populations on banks and dumps; he has stated subsequently (pers. comm.)
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possible hybrid between T. ohiensis and Callisia rosea (as Cuthbertia rosea), cited by Anderson and Woodson, is omitted: the specimens appear to be merely gracile
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broader sense, including Machaerina Vahl (G. Kükenthal 1942). Later studies (cited by G. C. Tucker 1987) argue against such a broad circumscription of the genus
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a thorough study. Saxifraga firma Litvinov ex Losina-Losinskaja has been cited for North America; the name belongs in synonymy of a Eurasian subspecies
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reported in southern Florida by J. K. Small (1933). No voucher specimens were cited or are known to exist. Small also reported Zamia pumila Linnaeus from Florida
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Tilia glabra Ventenat is a superfluous name; T. americana Linnaeus was cited as a synonym. Tilia michauxii Nuttall was a provisional name and was not
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either failed or produced sterile hybrids (Mooring 2002). D. P. Tibor (2001) cited nine taxa of Eriophyllum as rare or endangered: the perennials E. confertiflorum
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Scrophularia macrantha, with relatively showy, large, red corollas, is often cited as hummingbird-visited, and other species are hummingbird-visited as well;
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the only pistillate branch is very immature. The name A. gardneri, also cited provisionally by Watson within the concept of A. nuttallii, clearly has priority
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feature in robust (longer) stems and leaves. Dichodontium olympicum is often cited as dioicous in past literature, while J.-P. Frahm et al. (1998) correctly
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Specimens of D. sitchense from Greenland, Newfoundland, and Washington cited by J. H. Wilce (1965) are actually this hybrid. None. None. window.prope
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subsp. luteospadix (Fernald) Blackwell & Blackwell. All of the specimens cited in their treatment of the genus are P. virginica. The two species of Peltandra
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ends. Although the prorulae are small (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981 cited the cells as smooth), they are easily seen at 400× since they are relatively
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Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wis., Wyo. All of the chromosome counts cited by E. Anderson (1954) for this species are attributable to Tradescantia occidentalis
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at Newport News, Warwich County, Virginia, by Clyde F. Reed (PH!). It is cited here as a chance introduction whose continuance in a unique habitat should
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(Arisaema). Araceae contain crystals of calcium oxalate, which are often cited as causing the intense irritation experienced when handling or consuming
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(1989) to be weakly differentiated in North America, and he tentatively cited specimens from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and South Dakota. Ando noted that
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Progress towards consensus. Bradleya 8: 85–107. Hunt, D. R., comp. 1999. CITES Cactaceae Checklist, ed. 2. Kew. Wallace, R. S. 1995. Molecular systematic
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S. exigua subsp. coronaria consistent with results of previous studies (cited above). It is to be hoped that taxonomic information presented below will
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(long-)rectangular with smooth surfaces (R. Ochyra 1989). M. R. Crosby et al. (1999) cited four genera for the family, Actinothuidium Brotherus, Echinophyllum (as Bryochenea
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Caryopses 3.5-6 mm, terete. 2n = 22. Cialdella & Giussani (2002) mistakenly cited Gould (1958) as having reported 2n = 28. Generated Map Legacy Map Del., D
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each cited from California, Utah, and Oregon). The specimen examined by Howell was apparently the Oregon collection by [Elihu] Hall that Gray cited. The
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common (D. K. Northington 1974; B. L. Turner and K. J. Kim 1990; and works cited therein). Northington, D. K. 1974. Systematic studies of the genus Pyrrhopappus
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1993) are also in accord with the segregation of these two subgenera; in the cited article, these groups are called sect. Amaranthus and sect. Blitopsis. None
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H. Bailey et al. (1976) listed taxa only in the horticultural trade and cited 34 species and 36 cultivars that had been listed in the previous two decades
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thereof is based on information in floras, on herbarium labels, or in reports cited in the Plants for a Future database (www.ibiblio.org/pfaf), not on personal
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and molecular examination of the holotype as well as the other specimens cited in the original description showed that three characters in M. Garneau's
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R. Shevock (2004) of G. tergestina from North America. We have seen all cited specimens in these papers and they all represent G. crinitoleucophaea or
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remains to be determined. The pistillate flowers of Nestronia have been cited as an example of a receptacular inferior ovary by F. H. Smith and E. C. Smith
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regions. Muenscher's report was presumably based on J. K. Small (1933), who cited the species as abundant along newly built levees of the Mississippi River
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It was also tentatively reported for New Mexico, but no localities were cited (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980). The proper taxonomic position of
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as Polygonum polystachyum or Aconogonon polystachyum. Hong S. P. (1993) cited morphological and anatomical evidence for including Rubrivena in Persicaria
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Cyperus dentatus from West Virginia (M. V. McGivney 1938) is erroneous; the cited specimen was from New Jersey (Gutenberg s.n. 1886, US) (M. Strong, pers.
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a life medicine and as a protection against witches (D.E. Moerman 1986, citing M. aristatus). None. Myosurus apetalus var. borealis, Myosurus apetalus
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m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; B.C., c Asia. British Columbia is cited on the basis of a 1936 collection from ballast in Vancouver. Amberboa moschata
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have been described among the North American plants (in addition to the two cited above), based on variation in habit, vestiture, and leaf morphology and density
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known, also is mentioned in the discussion, and pertinent literature is cited. (Please see CAUTION below.) All genera, and approximately one out of three
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as cited in the USDA Plants database) and Texas (M. Pollard et al. 2009) are in error; no vouchers are known from Maryland and the specimen cited for
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The specimen cited by D. D. Keck (1938) from Douglas County, Oregon, is here referred to Horkelia tridentata var. tridentata; specimens cited from Jackson
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all species treated here in Pityopsis (J. C. Semple 1981, 1996, literature cited therein). The two annual species of Bradburia are excluded, although G. L
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chromosome number found in Corylus species, with both 2n = 22 and 2n = 28 being cited. J. G. Packer (pers. comm.) believes that the 2n = 28 for several species
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throats, and as a general disinfectant (D. E. Moerman 1986, no subspecies cited). None. Corydalis aurea subsp. aurea, Corydalis aurea subsp. occidentalis
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separable from the alpine var. microphylla populations. The flavonoid data cited in support of combining K. microphylla and K. occidentalis are unpublished
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fruit yields ca. 10 tons/ha/yr. Moringa pterygosperma Gaertner is a commonly cited synonym of M. oleifera. However, the name is illegitimate as it is based
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estimates 21 to 80 populations of var. speciosa throughout its range and cites activities affecting wetland hydrology as threats to these populations. None
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Legacy Map Greenland, Alta., B.C., N.W.T., Nunavut, Yukon, Alaska, Asia. Citing N. Polunin (1940), S. G. Aiken et al. (2007) reiterated that subsp. arctica
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Crataegus crus-galli, less in species like C. fecunda. E. J. Palmer (1925) cited well over 100 names for the series (C. persimilis, which keys out in the
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making sect. Pentaphylloides Tausch a later homonym. In that Boehmer was citing synonyms, not infrataxa, sect. Pentaphylloides Tausch is the correct name
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