Soliva

Annuals, (1–)2–10(–30+) cm (taprooted, often stoloniferous and/or mat-forming). Stems 1–5+, ± procumbent to erect, simple or branched, glabrous or strigillose to villous [piloso-hispid] (hairs mostly basifixed). Leaves basal or basal and cauline; alternate; sessile or petiolate (bases ± clasping); blades ± obovate to spatulate, usually (1–)2–3-pinnately or -pinnati-palmately lobed (ultimate lobes oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate), ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous or strigillose to villous. Heads disciform, borne singly (sessile in leaf axils). Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 2–8+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 5–8+ in 1–2+ series, distinct, lanceolate to ovate, subequal, margins and apices (usually colorless, sometimes brownish) scarious. Receptacles flat to hemispheric or conic, epaleate. Ray florets 0 (peripheral, pistillate florets 5–100+ in 1–8+ series; corollas 0, styles sheathed by pericarp tissues, soon indurate, becoming spinelike). Disc florets 2–8+, functionally staminate; corollas yellowish or whitish, tubes ± cylindric, throats campanulate to funnelform, lobes (2–)4, ± deltate (without resin sacs). Cypselae: (bodies) ± obovate to oblanceolate or oblong-cuneate, ob-compressed or -flattened, winged (wings entire or sculpted), faces glabrous or ± scabrellous to hirtellous or (distally) villous to pilose or arachnose, glabrescent (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs); pappi 0 (persistent stylar sheaths indurate, spinelike). x = unknown.

Distribution

South America, introduced also in Europe, Asia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia.

Discussion

Species 4–8 (3 in the flora).

Selected References

Cabrera, A. L. 1949. Sinopsis del género Soliva (Compositae). Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 14: 123–139.

Webb, C. J. 1986. Variation in achene morphology and its implications for taxonomy in Soliva subgenus Soliva (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). New Zealand J. Bot. 24: 665–669.

Lower Taxa

Soliva anthemifolia, Soliva sessilis, Soliva stolonifera

Key

1	Cypselar bodies obovate to oblanceolate, margins usually ± winged (wings not transversely rugulose or ribbed), faces glabrous or ± scabrellous to hirtellous	Soliva sessilis
1	Cypselar bodies oblong-cuneate, margins winged (wings transversely rugulose or ribbed), faces glabrous or distally villous to pilose or arachnose, glabrescent	> 2
2	Leaves mostly basal, blades 3–8(–15) cm, 2–3-pinnati-palmately lobed; cypselar wings rugulose or ribbed in proximal 2/3, shoulders not spinose	Soliva anthemifolia
2	Leaves basal and cauline, blades 1–2(–3) cm, 1(–2)-pinnati-palmately lobed; cypselar wings rugulose or ribbed in proximal 9/10, shoulders ± spinose laterally	Soliva stolonifera