Difference between revisions of "Viola bicolor"
Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 175. 1813.
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}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
|code=F | |code=F | ||
− | |label= | + | |label=Illustrated |
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
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|name=Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei | |name=Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei | ||
|authority=(Greene) Fernald | |authority=(Greene) Fernald | ||
− | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
+ | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=V. rafinesquei | |name=V. rafinesquei | ||
|authority=Greene | |authority=Greene | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola bicolor | |hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola bicolor | ||
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|elevation=0–3000 m | |elevation=0–3000 m | ||
|distribution=Ont.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va. | |distribution=Ont.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va. | ||
− | |discussion=<p>Viola bicolor is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual Viola species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of V. bicolor have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990).</p> | + | |discussion=<p><i>Viola bicolor</i> is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual <i>Viola</i> species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of <i>V. bicolor</i> have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990).</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Viola bicolor | name=Viola bicolor | ||
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|authority=Pursh | |authority=Pursh | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication title=Fl. Amer. Sept. | |publication title=Fl. Amer. Sept. | ||
|publication year=1813 | |publication year=1813 | ||
− | |special status=Endemic; | + | |special status=Endemic;Illustrated |
− | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_200.xml |
|genus=Viola | |genus=Viola | ||
|species=Viola bicolor | |species=Viola bicolor |
Latest revision as of 23:19, 5 November 2020
× 0.3–1 cm, base attenuate, margins entire or crenate-serrate especially toward apex, eciliate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Peduncles 1–4.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers: sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale bluish violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white to blue-violet, gibbous, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepal auricles; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ellipsoid to oblong, 4–7 mm, glabrous. Seeds beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. 2n = 34.
Phenology: Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat: Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground
Elevation: 0–3000 m
Distribution
![V6 200-distribution-map.jpg](/w/images/3/31/V6_200-distribution-map.jpg)
Ont., Sask., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.
Discussion
Viola bicolor is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual Viola species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of V. bicolor have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990).
Selected References
None.