Difference between revisions of "Cupressaceae"

Bartlett
Common names: Redwood or Cypress Family
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Treatment on page 399.
FNA>Volume Importer
 
 
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree coating;tree odor;tree reproduction;shrub duration;shrub coating;shrub odor;shrub reproduction"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs evergreen (usually deciduous in Taxodium), generally resinous and aromatic, monoecious (usually dioecious in Juniperus).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark texture;bark architecture"><b>Bark </b>fibrous and furrowed (smooth or exfoliating in plates in some Cupressus and Juniperus species).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="lateral branch development;twig shape;twig shape;twig shape;twig shape;twig shape;leaf shape;leaf-base shape;leaf-base shape"><b>Lateral </b>branches well developed, similar to leading shoots, twigs terete, angled, or flattened dorsiventrally (with structurally distinct lower and upper surfaces; Thuja, Calocedrus), densely clothed by scalelike leaves or by decurrent leaf-bases;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="longest internode some measurement">longest internodes to 1 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="bud prominence;bud prominence">buds undifferentiated and inconspicuous (except in Sequoia).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="root texture;root texture;root texture"><b>Roots </b>fibrous to woody (bearing aboveground knees in Taxodium).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf duration;leaf count;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf architecture;leaf architecture;rank count"><b>Leaves </b>simple, usually persisting 3–5 years and shed with lateral shoots (cladoptosic) (shed annually in Taxodium), alternate and spirally arranged but sometimes twisted so as to appear 2-ranked, or opposite in 4 ranks, or whorled, deltate-scalelike to linear, decurrent, sessile or petioled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="leaf life cycle;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf growth form;lateral scale-leaf shape">adult leaves appressed or spreading, often differing between lateral and leading shoots (twigs heterophyllous), sometimes strongly dimorphic on each twig (Thuja, Calocedrus) with lateral scale-leaf pairs conspicuously keeled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">juvenile leaves linear, flattened, spreading;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="leaf life cycle;leaf arrangement or course or shape;leaf shape;leaf orientation;abaxial resin-gland architecture or arrangement or growth form">often with solitary abaxial resin-gland;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="resin canal count">resin canal present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="pollen cone life cycle;pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form;pollen cone position or structure subtype;pollen cone architecture;pollen cone shape;pollen cone shape;pollen cone shape"><b>Pollen </b>cones maturing and shed annually, solitary, terminal (rarely in clusters of 2–5, axillary in Juniperus communis; usually in terminal panicles in Taxodium), simple, spheric to oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="sporophyll arrangement;abaxial microsporangium count">sporophylls overlapping, bearing 2–10 abaxial microsporangia (pollen-sacs);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pollen shape;pollen architecture">pollen spheric, not winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone duration;seed-cone architecture;seed-cone architecture or arrangement or growth form;seed-cone position or structure subtype;season count;axis duration"><b>Seed-</b>cones maturing in 1–2 seasons, shed with short-shoots or persisting indefinitely on long-lived axes (shattering at maturity in Taxodium), compound, solitary, terminal (rarely in clusters of 2–5, axillary in Juniperus communis);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="bract apex fusion">scales overlapping or abutting, fused to subtending bracts with only bract apex sometimes free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="scale arrangement;scale position;scale fusion;scale-bract architecture;scale-bract architecture;scale-bract shape;scale-bract shape;scale-bract texture;scale-bract texture;adaxial ovule count;adaxial ovule orientation">each scale-bract complex peltate, oblong or cuneate, at maturity woody or fleshy, with 1–20 erect (inverted with age in Sequoia and Sequoiadendron), adaxial ovules.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed count;seed architecture;seed architecture;wing count;wing architecture or shape;wing architecture or shape"><b>Seeds </b>1–20 per scale, not winged or with 2–3 symmetric or asymmetric wings;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="aril count">aril lacking;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="cotyledon count">cotyledons 2–9.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or shrubs evergreen (usually deciduous in <i>Taxodium</i>), generally resinous and aromatic, monoecious (usually dioecious in <i>Juniperus</i>). <b>Bark</b> fibrous and furrowed (smooth or exfoliating in plates in some <i>Cupressus</i> and <i>Juniperus</i> species). <b>Lateral</b> branches well developed, similar to leading shoots, twigs terete, angled, or flattened dorsiventrally (with structurally distinct lower and upper surfaces; <i>Thuja</i>, <i>Calocedrus</i>), densely clothed by scalelike leaves or by decurrent leaf bases; longest internodes to 1 cm; buds undifferentiated and inconspicuous (except in <i>Sequoia</i>). <b>Roots</b> fibrous to woody (bearing aboveground "knees" in <i>Taxodium</i>). <b>Leaves</b> simple, usually persisting 3–5 years and shed with lateral shoots (cladoptosic) (shed annually in <i>Taxodium</i>), alternate and spirally arranged but sometimes twisted so as to appear 2-ranked, or opposite in 4 ranks, or whorled, deltate-scalelike to linear, decurrent, sessile or petioled; adult leaves appressed or spreading, often differing between lateral and leading shoots (twigs heterophyllous), sometimes strongly dimorphic on each twig (<i>Thuja</i>, <i>Calocedrus</i>) with lateral scale-leaf pairs conspicuously keeled; juvenile leaves linear, flattened, spreading; often with solitary abaxial resin gland; resin canal present. <b>Pollen</b> cones maturing and shed annually, solitary, terminal (rarely in clusters of 2–5, axillary in <i>Juniperus communis</i>; usually in terminal panicles in <i>Taxodium</i>), simple, spheric to oblong; sporophylls overlapping, bearing 2–10 abaxial microsporangia (pollen sacs); pollen spheric, not winged. <b>Seed</b> cones maturing in 1–2 seasons, shed with short shoots or persisting indefinitely on long-lived axes (shattering at maturity in <i>Taxodium</i>), compound, solitary, terminal (rarely in clusters of 2–5, axillary in <i>Juniperus communis</i>); scales overlapping or abutting, fused to subtending bracts with only bract apex sometimes free; each scale-bract complex peltate, oblong or cuneate, at maturity woody or fleshy, with 1–20 erect (inverted with age in <i>Sequoia</i> and <i>Sequoiadendron</i>), adaxial ovules. <b>Seeds</b> 1–20 per scale, not winged or with 2–3 symmetric or asymmetric wings; aril lacking; cotyledons 2–9.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
|distribution=Widespread in temperate regions.
 
|distribution=Widespread in temperate regions.
|discussion=<p>Pollination usually occurs in late winter or spring but may occur anytime from late summer to early winter for some species of Juniperus. Seed maturation occurs in late summer or autumn. Species of Cupressus have serotinous cones that remain closed for many years, some opening only after exposure to fire.</p><!--
+
|discussion=<p>Pollination usually occurs in late winter or spring but may occur anytime from late summer to early winter for some species of <i>Juniperus</i>. Seed maturation occurs in late summer or autumn. Species of <i>Cupressus</i> have serotinous cones that remain closed for many years, some opening only after exposure to fire.</p><!--
--><p>The Cupressaceae, with a known fossil record extending back to the Jurassic (C. N. Miller Jr. 1988), constitute a diverse family often divided between Cupressaceae in the strict sense (for genera with leaves opposite in four ranks or whorled) and Taxodiaceae (leaves mostly alternate), but they are best kept together (J. E. Eckenwalder 1976; R. A. Price 1989). The unity of the family is best shown in the structure of the mature seed cones: the bract-scale complexes are intimately fused for most of their common length, the 1–20 ovules are erect at first but may invert with maturity, and the paired seed wings, if present, are derived from the seed coat. A majority of genera are monotypic and most others display disjunct or relictual distributions, even though individual species may be widely distributed. Only bird-dispersed Juniperus is species rich, with a wide, nearly continuous Northern Hemisphere distribution. Because of their uniformity, seedlings and juvenile specimens may not be determinable to genus. Foliage of cultivars may deviate greatly from forms found in wild plants.</p><!--
+
--><p>The Cupressaceae, with a known fossil record extending back to the Jurassic (C. N. Miller Jr. 1988), constitute a diverse family often divided between Cupressaceae in the strict sense (for genera with leaves opposite in four ranks or whorled) and Taxodiaceae (leaves mostly alternate), but they are best kept together (J. E. Eckenwalder 1976; R. A. Price 1989). The unity of the family is best shown in the structure of the mature seed cones: the bract-scale complexes are intimately fused for most of their common length, the 1–20 ovules are erect at first but may invert with maturity, and the paired seed wings, if present, are derived from the seed coat. A majority of genera are monotypic and most others display disjunct or relictual distributions, even though individual species may be widely distributed. Only bird-dispersed <i>Juniperus</i> is species rich, with a wide, nearly continuous Northern Hemisphere distribution. Because of their uniformity, seedlings and juvenile specimens may not be determinable to genus. Foliage of cultivars may deviate greatly from forms found in wild plants.</p><!--
--><p>Although no members of the family attain dominance over immense geographic spans as do some species of the Pinaceae in the boreal forests, they can achieve considerable local and regional prominence. Examples include redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) along the coast of northern California, several species of Juniperus (together with pinyons) at moderate elevations in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) in deep swamps of the southeastern United States. Their ranges and regions of dominance were considerably greater during the early Tertiary.</p><!--
+
--><p>Although no members of the family attain dominance over immense geographic spans as do some species of the Pinaceae in the boreal forests, they can achieve considerable local and regional prominence. Examples include redwood (<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>) along the coast of northern California, several species of <i>Juniperus</i> (together with pinyons) at moderate elevations in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i>) in deep swamps of the southeastern United States. Their ranges and regions of dominance were considerably greater during the early Tertiary.</p><!--
--><p>The heartwood of many species of Cupressaceae is resistant to termite damage and fungal decay, and therefore it is widely used in contact with soil. Most prominent in the flora are redwood and baldcypress; the premier coffin wood of China, Cunninghamia lanceolata, is another member of the family. Other genera, usually called cedars, may have aromatic woods with a variety of specialty uses. Wooden pencils are made from incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), which is also used for lining cedar chests. Wood from species of Thuja is still used for cedar roofing shingles.</p><!--
+
--><p>The heartwood of many species of Cupressaceae is resistant to termite damage and fungal decay, and therefore it is widely used in contact with soil. Most prominent in the flora are redwood and baldcypress; the premier coffin wood of China, Cunninghamia lanceolata, is another member of the family. Other genera, usually called cedars, may have aromatic woods with a variety of specialty uses. Wooden pencils are made from incense-cedar (<i>Calocedrus decurrens</i>) and eastern redcedar (<i>Juniperus virginiana</i>), which is also used for lining cedar chests. Wood from species of <i>Thuja</i> is still used for cedar roofing shingles.</p><!--
--><p>In addition to the taxa treated below (including one naturalized species), several additional species and genera are cultivated to a greater or lesser extent and may persist without spreading after abandonment of cultivation. Some of the more important cultivated species of genera not treated in the flora include: Cryptomeria japonica (Linnaeus f.) D. Don (Japanese-cedar), differing from Sequoiadendron in its smaller, globose cones with bract/scale complexes bearing five to eight teeth; Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lambert) Hooker (China-fir), unlike all North American native taxa in its pointed, flat, lanceolate, drooping leaves to 7 cm; Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W. C. Cheng (dawn-redwood), differing from Sequoia in its opposite leaves and deciduous branchlets and from Taxodium in its opposite leaves and persistent seed-cone scales; Microbiota decussata Komarov (microbiota), differing from spreading junipers in its minute, opening, one-seeded cone; Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco [Thuja orientalis Linnaeus; Biota orientalis (Linnaeus) Endlicher; oriental arborvitae], which may escape locally from cultivation, differing from Thuja in its vertical sprays of branchlets, thicker, fleshier bract/scale complexes with prominent hornlike umbos, and unwinged seeds; and Thujopsis dolabrata (Linnaeus f.) Siebold & Zuccarini (hiba arborvitae), differing from Thuja in its much broader lateral leaf pairs and its sprays of branchlets with prominent white waxy markings beneath.</p><!--
+
--><p>In addition to the taxa treated below (including one naturalized species), several additional species and genera are cultivated to a greater or lesser extent and may persist without spreading after abandonment of cultivation. Some of the more important cultivated species of genera not treated in the flora include: Cryptomeria japonica (Linnaeus f.) D. Don (Japanese-cedar), differing from <i>Sequoiadendron</i> in its smaller, globose cones with bract/scale complexes bearing five to eight teeth; Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lambert) Hooker (China-fir), unlike all North American native taxa in its pointed, flat, lanceolate, drooping leaves to 7 cm; Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W. C. Cheng (dawn-redwood), differing from <i>Sequoia</i> in its opposite leaves and deciduous branchlets and from <i>Taxodium</i> in its opposite leaves and persistent seed-cone scales; Microbiota decussata Komarov (microbiota), differing from spreading junipers in its minute, opening, one-seeded cone; Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco [<i>Thuja</i> orientalis Linnaeus; Biota orientalis (Linnaeus) Endlicher; oriental arborvitae], which may escape locally from cultivation, differing from <i>Thuja</i> in its vertical sprays of branchlets, thicker, fleshier bract/scale complexes with prominent hornlike umbos, and unwinged seeds; and Thujopsis dolabrata (Linnaeus f.) Siebold & Zuccarini (hiba arborvitae), differing from <i>Thuja</i> in its much broader lateral leaf pairs and its sprays of branchlets with prominent white waxy markings beneath.</p><!--
 
--><p>Genera 25–30, species 110–130 (9 genera, 30 species in the flora).</p>
 
--><p>Genera 25–30, species 110–130 (9 genera, 30 species in the flora).</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
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|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|family=Cupressaceae
 
|family=Cupressaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
+
|illustrator=Bobbi Angell
 +
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
 
|distribution=Widespread in temperate regions.
 
|distribution=Widespread in temperate regions.
 
|reference=burns1990b;canadian1983a;eckenwalder1976a;farjon1990a;hosie1969a;krajina1982a;little1979a;rehder1949a;silba1986a
 
|reference=burns1990b;canadian1983a;eckenwalder1976a;farjon1990a;hosie1969a;krajina1982a;little1979a;rehder1949a;silba1986a
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|publication year=
 
|publication year=
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_593.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_593.xml
|abaxial microsporangium count=2;10
 
|abaxial resin-gland architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|adaxial ovule count=1;20
 
|adaxial ovule orientation=erect
 
|aril count=lacking
 
|axis duration=long-lived
 
|bark architecture=furrowed
 
|bark texture=fibrous
 
|bract apex fusion=free
 
|bud prominence=inconspicuous;undifferentiated
 
|cotyledon count=2;9
 
|lateral branch development=developed
 
|lateral scale-leaf shape=keeled
 
|leaf architecture=petioled;sessile;twisted;simple
 
|leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite;2-ranked;opposite;2-ranked;arranged;alternate
 
|leaf arrangement or course or shape=linear
 
|leaf count=3;5
 
|leaf duration=persisting
 
|leaf growth form=dimorphic
 
|leaf life cycle=juvenile;adult
 
|leaf orientation=spreading;spreading;appressed
 
|leaf shape=flattened;decurrent;deltate-scalelike;linear
 
|leaf-base shape=decurrent;scalelike
 
|longest internode some measurement=0cm;1cm
 
|pollen architecture=not winged
 
|pollen cone architecture=simple
 
|pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|pollen cone life cycle=maturing
 
|pollen cone position or structure subtype=terminal
 
|pollen cone shape=spheric;oblong
 
|pollen shape=spheric
 
|rank count=4
 
|resin canal count=present
 
|root texture=fibrous;woody
 
|scale arrangement=overlapping
 
|scale fusion=fused
 
|scale position=abutting
 
|scale-bract architecture=peltate;complex
 
|scale-bract shape=cuneate;oblong
 
|scale-bract texture=fleshy;woody
 
|season count=1;2
 
|seed architecture=with 2-3 symmetric or asymmetric wings;not winged
 
|seed count=1;20
 
|seed-cone architecture=compound
 
|seed-cone architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|seed-cone duration=persisting
 
|seed-cone life cycle=maturing
 
|seed-cone position or structure subtype=terminal
 
|shrub coating=resinous
 
|shrub duration=evergreen
 
|shrub odor=aromatic
 
|shrub reproduction=monoecious
 
|sporophyll arrangement=overlapping
 
|tree coating=resinous
 
|tree duration=evergreen
 
|tree odor=aromatic
 
|tree reproduction=monoecious
 
|twig shape=flattened;angled;flattened;angled;terete
 
|wing architecture or shape=asymmetric;symmetric
 
|wing count=2;3
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]]

Latest revision as of 19:26, 28 December 2023

Trees or shrubs evergreen (usually deciduous in Taxodium), generally resinous and aromatic, monoecious (usually dioecious in Juniperus). Bark fibrous and furrowed (smooth or exfoliating in plates in some Cupressus and Juniperus species). Lateral branches well developed, similar to leading shoots, twigs terete, angled, or flattened dorsiventrally (with structurally distinct lower and upper surfaces; Thuja, Calocedrus), densely clothed by scalelike leaves or by decurrent leaf bases; longest internodes to 1 cm; buds undifferentiated and inconspicuous (except in Sequoia). Roots fibrous to woody (bearing aboveground "knees" in Taxodium). Leaves simple, usually persisting 3–5 years and shed with lateral shoots (cladoptosic) (shed annually in Taxodium), alternate and spirally arranged but sometimes twisted so as to appear 2-ranked, or opposite in 4 ranks, or whorled, deltate-scalelike to linear, decurrent, sessile or petioled; adult leaves appressed or spreading, often differing between lateral and leading shoots (twigs heterophyllous), sometimes strongly dimorphic on each twig (Thuja, Calocedrus) with lateral scale-leaf pairs conspicuously keeled; juvenile leaves linear, flattened, spreading; often with solitary abaxial resin gland; resin canal present. Pollen cones maturing and shed annually, solitary, terminal (rarely in clusters of 2–5, axillary in Juniperus communis; usually in terminal panicles in Taxodium), simple, spheric to oblong; sporophylls overlapping, bearing 2–10 abaxial microsporangia (pollen sacs); pollen spheric, not winged. Seed cones maturing in 1–2 seasons, shed with short shoots or persisting indefinitely on long-lived axes (shattering at maturity in Taxodium), compound, solitary, terminal (rarely in clusters of 2–5, axillary in Juniperus communis); scales overlapping or abutting, fused to subtending bracts with only bract apex sometimes free; each scale-bract complex peltate, oblong or cuneate, at maturity woody or fleshy, with 1–20 erect (inverted with age in Sequoia and Sequoiadendron), adaxial ovules. Seeds 1–20 per scale, not winged or with 2–3 symmetric or asymmetric wings; aril lacking; cotyledons 2–9.

Distribution

Widespread in temperate regions.

Discussion

Pollination usually occurs in late winter or spring but may occur anytime from late summer to early winter for some species of Juniperus. Seed maturation occurs in late summer or autumn. Species of Cupressus have serotinous cones that remain closed for many years, some opening only after exposure to fire.

The Cupressaceae, with a known fossil record extending back to the Jurassic (C. N. Miller Jr. 1988), constitute a diverse family often divided between Cupressaceae in the strict sense (for genera with leaves opposite in four ranks or whorled) and Taxodiaceae (leaves mostly alternate), but they are best kept together (J. E. Eckenwalder 1976; R. A. Price 1989). The unity of the family is best shown in the structure of the mature seed cones: the bract-scale complexes are intimately fused for most of their common length, the 1–20 ovules are erect at first but may invert with maturity, and the paired seed wings, if present, are derived from the seed coat. A majority of genera are monotypic and most others display disjunct or relictual distributions, even though individual species may be widely distributed. Only bird-dispersed Juniperus is species rich, with a wide, nearly continuous Northern Hemisphere distribution. Because of their uniformity, seedlings and juvenile specimens may not be determinable to genus. Foliage of cultivars may deviate greatly from forms found in wild plants.

Although no members of the family attain dominance over immense geographic spans as do some species of the Pinaceae in the boreal forests, they can achieve considerable local and regional prominence. Examples include redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) along the coast of northern California, several species of Juniperus (together with pinyons) at moderate elevations in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) in deep swamps of the southeastern United States. Their ranges and regions of dominance were considerably greater during the early Tertiary.

The heartwood of many species of Cupressaceae is resistant to termite damage and fungal decay, and therefore it is widely used in contact with soil. Most prominent in the flora are redwood and baldcypress; the premier coffin wood of China, Cunninghamia lanceolata, is another member of the family. Other genera, usually called cedars, may have aromatic woods with a variety of specialty uses. Wooden pencils are made from incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), which is also used for lining cedar chests. Wood from species of Thuja is still used for cedar roofing shingles.

In addition to the taxa treated below (including one naturalized species), several additional species and genera are cultivated to a greater or lesser extent and may persist without spreading after abandonment of cultivation. Some of the more important cultivated species of genera not treated in the flora include: Cryptomeria japonica (Linnaeus f.) D. Don (Japanese-cedar), differing from Sequoiadendron in its smaller, globose cones with bract/scale complexes bearing five to eight teeth; Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lambert) Hooker (China-fir), unlike all North American native taxa in its pointed, flat, lanceolate, drooping leaves to 7 cm; Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W. C. Cheng (dawn-redwood), differing from Sequoia in its opposite leaves and deciduous branchlets and from Taxodium in its opposite leaves and persistent seed-cone scales; Microbiota decussata Komarov (microbiota), differing from spreading junipers in its minute, opening, one-seeded cone; Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco [Thuja orientalis Linnaeus; Biota orientalis (Linnaeus) Endlicher; oriental arborvitae], which may escape locally from cultivation, differing from Thuja in its vertical sprays of branchlets, thicker, fleshier bract/scale complexes with prominent hornlike umbos, and unwinged seeds; and Thujopsis dolabrata (Linnaeus f.) Siebold & Zuccarini (hiba arborvitae), differing from Thuja in its much broader lateral leaf pairs and its sprays of branchlets with prominent white waxy markings beneath.

Genera 25–30, species 110–130 (9 genera, 30 species in the flora).

Key

1 Leaves alternate; leaves of adult usually with expanded needlelike or linear or linear-lanceolate blade. > 2
1 Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or whorled; leaves of adults usually ± scalelike to subulate. > 4
2 Leafy branchlets falling annually or seasonally; pollen cones mostly in pendent axillary panicles; seed cones nearly globose, shattering at maturity, scales each bearing (1-)2 irregularly 3-angled, wingless seeds; se United States. Taxodium
2 Leafy branchlets persisting for several years; pollen cones mostly terminal and solitary; seed cones oblong or globose, opening but scales persistent at maturity, scales each bearing 2-9 lenticular, winged seeds; w United States. > 3
3 Branchlets with leaves mostly in 2 ranks, with obvious annual growth constrictions; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate to deltate, flattened, free portion to ca. 30 mm; mature seed cones 1.3-3.5 cm. Sequoia
3 Branchlets with radiating leaves, without obvious annual growth constrictions; leaves mostly needlelike, triangular in cross section, free portion to ca. 15 mm; mature seed cones 4-9 cm. Sequoiadendron
4 Seed cones berrylike, remaining closed, seeds retained; scales generally fleshy or fibrous; monoecious or dioecious. Juniperus
4 Seed cones opening, seeds shed; scales woody; monoecious. > 5
5 Leaves in whorls of 3. Callitris
5 Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or seemingly in whorls of 4. > 6
6 Branchlets in radial arrays (partially comblike in C. macnabiana); seed cones globose or oblong with peltate scales, at least 10 mm diam. Cupressus
6 Branchlets in flattened sprays; seed cones ellipsoid with oblong, basifixed scales or globose with rounded, peltate or basifixed scales, less than 12 mm diam. > 7
7 Branchlets teret or rhombic in cross section, facial and lateral leaves similar; seed cones globose, their scales usually peltate (basifixed in C. nootkatensis) Chamaecyparis
7 Branchlets flattened, facial and lateral leaves clearly differentiated; seed cones ellipsoid, their scales basifixed. > 8
8 Scales of seed cones 4-6 pairs; seed wings equal; leaves clearly opposite in 4 ranks. Thuja
8 Scales of seed cones 2-3 pairs; seed wings markedly unequal; leaves seemingly in whorls of 4. Calocedrus
... more about "Cupressaceae"
Frank D. Watson +
Bartlett +
Redwood or Cypress Family +
Widespread in temperate regions. +
burns1990b +, canadian1983a +, eckenwalder1976a +, farjon1990a +, hosie1969a +, krajina1982a +, little1979a +, rehder1949a +  and silba1986a +
Cupressaceae +