Anagallis

Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Herbs, annual or perennial, not succulent, glabrous; resin canals usually present. Rhizomes absent; roots fibrous or a taproot. Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched. Leaves cauline, opposite, alternate, or whorled, monomorphic; petiole usually absent; blade usually ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, base mostly rounded to cuneate (or slightly cordate), margins mostly entire, sometimes minutely crenulate, usually slightly revolute, apex acute to obtuse or mucronulate, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences usually axillary in distal leaves, solitary flowers. Pedicels present or absent. Flowers: sepals (4–)5, green, calyx lobes lanceolate, much longer than tube; petals (4–)5, corolla white to pink, red, salmon, or blue, salverform (almost rotate) to slightly campanulate, lobes longer than tube, apex rounded or truncate; stamens (4–)5; filaments connate proximally. Fruits capsular, globose, 1–7 mm, dehiscence circumscissile. Seeds 5–45, dark brown to reddish brown, angled, papillate to alveolate. x = 10, 11.

Distribution

North America, Mexico, West Indies (Jamaica), Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa.

Discussion

Centunculus Linnaeus; Micropyxis Duby

Species ca. 20 (4 in the flora).

Anagallis tenella (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, the European bog pimpernel, was reported in the late 1800s from Saint Pierre and Miquelon; it was most likely a waif and is not included here. It can be distinguished by its perennial habit, procumbent stems, and pink, funnelform corollas.

Anagallis foemina Miller, the European blue pimpernel, has been reported from western states; these reports are all based on blue-flowered forms of A. arvensis (see discussion there).

Selected References

Manns, U. and A. A. Anderberg. 2007. Character evolution in Anagallis (Myrsinaceae) inferred from morphological and molecular data. Syst. Bot. 32: 166–179.

Lower Taxa

Anagallis arvensis, Anagallis minima, Anagallis monelli, Anagallis pumila

Key

1	Calyces 3.5-6 mm, equaling or shorter than corollas; corollas (2-)3-12 mm	> 2
1	Calyces 1.5-3 mm, equaling or longer than corollas; corollas 1.4-2.3 mm	> 3
2	Plants annual (rarely perennial); pedicels recurved in fruit; calyces ± equaling corollas; corollas usually 3-7 mm.	Anagallis arvensis
2	Plants perennial; pedicels ascending in fruit; calyces shorter than corollas; corollas 5-12 mm.	Anagallis monelli
3	Pedicels 2.5-4 mm.	Anagallis pumila
3	Pedicels absent or to 1 mm.	Anagallis minima