View source for Viola bicolor

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola bicolor
|accepted_authority=Pursh
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|place=1: 175. 1813
|year=1813
}}
|common_names=Wild or field pansy;violette de Rafinesque
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei
|authority=(Greene) Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. rafinesquei
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola bicolor
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola bicolor]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 111, 113, 116
|treatment_page=page 122
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties="">× 0.3–1 cm, base attenuate, margins entire or crenate-serrate especially toward apex, eciliate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. <b>Peduncles</b> 1–4.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale bluish violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white to blue-violet, gibbous, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepal auricles; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. <b>Capsules</b> ellipsoid to oblong, 4–7 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 34.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–May.
|habitat=Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground
|elevation=0–3000 m
|distribution=Ont.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p><i>Viola bicolor</i> is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual <i>Viola</i> species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of <i>V. bicolor</i> have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola bicolor
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei;V. rafinesquei
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–May.
|habitat=Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground
|elevation=0–3000 m
|distribution=Ont.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|publication year=1813
|special status=Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_200.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola bicolor
}}<!--

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