View source for Amelanchier arborea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Amelanchier arborea
|accepted_authority=(F. Michaux) Fernald
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Rhodora
|place=43: 563. 1941
|year=1941
}}
|common_names=Downy shadbush
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Mespilus arborea
|authority=F. Michaux
|publication_title=Hist. Arbr. Forest.
|publication_place=3: 68, plate 11. 1812
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Amelanchier arborea var. alabamensis
|authority=(Britton) G. N. Jones
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae;Amelanchier;Amelanchier arborea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Amelanchier]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Amelanchier arborea]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 647, 648, 649, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661
|treatment_page=page 660
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, 2–20 m. <b>Stems</b> 1–20, solitary or in colonies. <b>Leaves</b> less than half-unfolded; petiole (5.5–)12–20.6(–29.2) mm; blade ovate to obovate, (30–)47–68(–93) × (16–)26–40(–56) cm, base cordate to rounded, each margin with (0–)11–21(–30) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (3–)5–9(–13) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less than 1 mm, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface densely (moderately) hairy by flowering, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy later, adaxial glabrous or sparsely (moderately) hairy later. <b>Inflorescences</b> (3–)6–12(–15)-flowered, (19–)30–55(–79) mm. <b>Pedicels</b>: 0 or 1 subtended by a leaf, proximalmost (5–)10–20(–32) mm. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals soon reflexed after flowering, (1.6–)2.3–3.7(–5.3) mm; petals linear to oblong, (8–)10–15(–19) × (2–)3.1–5(–6.8) mm; stamens (16–)20(–21); styles (3–)5(or 6), (2.1–)3.2–4.2(–5.5) mm; ovary apex glabrous or sparsely (densely) hairy. <b>Pomes</b> maroon-purple, 6–10 mm diam. <b>2n</b> = 2x, 4x.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Feb–May; fruiting May–Jul.
|habitat=Dry to moist woods, mesic mixed hardwoods and pine-hardwoods, fields, thickets, roadsides, circumneutral soil, especially northward
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Amelanchier arborea</i> is distinctive for its arborescent habit, generally precocious flowering, leaf margins each with (3–)5–9(–13) teeth on distal cm, densely hairy abaxial surface of leaf blades, and strongly reflexed sepals at flowering. Leaves typically have subcordate to strongly cordate bases, acuminate apices, and margins sometimes finely double serrate.</p><!--
--><p>The name <i>Amelanchier canadensis</i> was applied by many botanists to <i>A. arborea</i> and <i>A. laevis</i> until M. L. Fernald (1941) clarified the issue; this usage appears in some older manuals. McKay transferred <i>A. laevis</i> to subspecific status under <i>A. arborea</i>, and the two species are generally considered to be closely related. Allozyme data show that, with one exception, populations of each are more closely related to a nearby population of the other than they are to conspecific populations (R. D. Overath and J. L. Hamrick 1998). At flowering, <i>A. arborea</i> and <i>A. laevis</i> can be distinguished by leaf color, which is typically reddish green or reddish brown in <i>A. laevis</i> and green to greenish white in <i>A. arborea</i>. In addition, the leaves of <i>A. laevis</i> are at least half-expanded and unfolding as well as glabrous (or sparsely hairy) by flowering, and its sepals are spreading to reflexed.</p><!--
--><p><i>Amelanchier arborea</i> exhibits considerable variation; infraspecific taxa have been named. Variety alabamensis differs in its densely hairy ovary apices. Variation in ovary summit indument in <i>A. arborea</i> does not appear to be associated with any other taxonomically informative variation; individuals with varying amounts of ovary indument occur sporadically in populations; this does not appear ecologically significant. The authors conclude that this variety does not warrant taxonomic recognition; they have observed groups of populations that differ in the number of flowers per inflorescence, color of the expanding leaves, size of the teeth, and other features.</p><!--
--><p><i>Amelanchier arborea</i> usually flowers a week or more before sympatric congeners. The species has been reported (M. L. Fernald 1950) to hybridize with <i>A. bartramiana</i>, <i>A. canadensis</i>, <i>A. humilis</i>, and <i>A. laevis</i>. The authors have collected putative hybrids with <i>A. amabilis</i> in New York and have observed putative hybrids between <i>A. arborea</i> and other eastern North American species of <i>Amelanchier</i>. Hybrid swarms in New Jersey between this species and <i>A. laevis</i> but not <i>A. canadensis</i> have been reported (J. E. Cruise 1964).</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Amelanchier arborea
|author=
|authority=(F. Michaux) Fernald
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Amelanchier arborea var. alabamensis
|basionyms=Mespilus arborea
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering Feb–May; fruiting May–Jul.
|habitat=Dry to moist woods, mesic mixed hardwoods and pine-hardwoods, fields, thickets, roadsides, circumneutral soil, especially northward
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Rhodora
|publication year=1941
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_1135.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae
|genus=Amelanchier
|species=Amelanchier arborea
}}<!--

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