View source for Rumex acetosella

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rumex acetosella
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 338. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Sheep or field sorrel;oseille;petite oseille;sûrette
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Acetosa acetosella
|authority=(Linnaeus) Miller
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Acetosa hastata
|authority=Scopoli
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Acetosa vulgaris
|authority=(W. D. J. Koch) Fourreau
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rumex acetosella var. vulgaris
|authority=W. D. J. Koch
}}
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Rumex;Rumex subg. Acetosella;Rumex acetosella
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rumex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Rumex subg. Acetosella]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rumex acetosella]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 490, 499, 500, 502
|treatment_page=page 498
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock and/or creeping rhizomes. <b>Stems</b> erect or ascending, several from base, branched in distal 1/2 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm; shoots variable. <b>Leaves</b>: ocrea brownish at base, silvery and lacerated in distal 1/2; blade normally obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate-elliptic, or lanceolate, occasionally, linear-lanceolate to almost linear, 2–6 × 0.3–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading, entire or sometimes multifid, dissected lobes), occasionally without evident lobes, then base broadly cuneate, margins entire, flat or nearly so, apex acute or obtuse. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, usually occupying distal 1/2–2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted to top, broadly or narrowly paniculate. <b>Pedicels</b> 1–3 mm. <b>Flowers</b> (3–)5–8(–10) in whorls; inner tepals not or slightly enlarged, normally 1.2–1.7(–2) × 0.5–1.3 mm (free wing absent or barely visible), base cuneate, apex obtuse or subacute. <b>Achenes</b> brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm. <b>2n</b> = 14, 28, 42.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer.
|habitat=Roadsides, cultivated fields, waste places, disturbed areas, lawns, meadows, railroad gravels, sandy and muddy shores: usually in acidic soils
|elevation=0-2700 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;w Asia;introduced almost worldwide.
|discussion=<p><i>Rumex acetosella</i> in the broad sense is an extremely variable and taxonomically complicated polyploid complex, which includes diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, and octoploids. This complex (excluding more distantly related arctic-montane <i>R. graminifolius</i> and its allies) probably originated and developed mostly in southern Europe and southwestern Asia. Some races of <i>R. acetosella</i> now are distributed almost worldwide as introduced and often completely naturalized aliens.</p><!--
--><p>Á. Löve (1941, 1983) assumed that in this group chromosome numbers are strictly correlated with morphology. In his opinion, every chromosome race represents a distinct species: diploid <i>Rumex</i> angiocarpus Murbeck [= Acetosella angiocarpa (Murbeck) Á. Löve]; tetraploid R. multifidus Linnaeus [= R. tenuifolius (Wallroth) Á. Löve = Acetosella multifida (Linnaeus) Á. Löve]; hexaploid <i>R. acetosella</i> in the narrow sense [= <i>A. vulgaris</i> (W. D. J. Koch) Fourreau, with gymnocarpous <i>A. vulgaris</i> <i></i></i>subsp.<i><i> vulgaris</i> and angiocarpous <i>A. vulgaris</i> subsp. pyrenaica (Pourret ex Lapeyrouse) Á. Löve]; hexaploid <i>R. graminifolius</i> Rudolph ex Lambert [= A. graminifolia (Rudolph ex Lambert) Á. Löve]. However, the distribution given by Löve for these taxa seems unnatural. Studies by J. C. M. den Nijs and collaborators (den Nijs 1974, 1976, 1984; den Nijs and T. Panhorst 1980; den Nijs et al. 1980, 1985; see also W. Harris 1969, 1973) indicate that the situation is more complicated. They postulated the development of two major evolutionary lines into two ploidy complexes: a primary western Mediterranean one and a secondary eastern Mediterranean one. According to this scheme, polyploid races independently and spontaneously emerged (and still are emerging) within different ancestral populations.</p><!--
--><p>The most widespread, almost cosmopolitan race, presumably native to the southwestern Mediterranean region, including southwestern and Atlantic Europe, which is common in North America, is characterized by a hexaploid chromosome set (2n = 42), nonmultifid lateral lobes of basal leaves, and angiocarpy (fruits are not easily separable from accrescent inner tepals). It was commonly and erroneously referred to as <i>Rumex</i> angiocarpus Murbeck, or <i>R. acetosella</i> subsp. angiocarpus (Murbeck) Murbeck. According to J. R. Akeroyd (1991), who in general followed the taxonomic revision of the group by J. C. M. den Nijs (1984), the correct name for this taxon is <i>R. acetosella</i> subsp. pyrenaicus (Pourret ex Lapeyrouse) Akeroyd (=Acetosella vulgaris subsp. pyrenaica (Pourret ex Lapeyrouse) Á. Löve). Gymnocarpous nonmultifid and multifid forms (<i>R. acetosella</i> subsp. acetosella and <i>R. acetosella</i> subsp. acetoselloides (Balansa) den Nijs, respectively) also occur in North America, but evidently rarely. The distributions of subspecies of <i>R. acetosella</i> in North America are poorly known. Keys and detailed descriptions for the subspecies were provided by den Nijs and Akeroyd. However, the tempting simplicity of the keys is somewhat suspicious. The alternative point of view (and an alternative key) may be found in Á. Löve (1983).</p><!--
--><p><i>Rumex acetosella</i> <i></i></i>subsp.<i><i> arenicola</i> Mäkinen ex Elven was recently described from Greenland and reported for Scandinavia and arctic Russia (R. Elven et al. 2000). This entity seems to be morphologically transitional toward <i>Rumex graminifolius</i> (see discussion under that species below). According to Elven et al., it differs from other infraspecific entities of <i>R. acetosella</i> in having the following characters: leaves usually without basal lobes (as in <i>R. graminifolius</i>), with revolute margins; inflorescence sparsely branched; tepals and pedicels densely covered with red papillae (as in <i>R. graminifolius</i>). From <i>R. graminifolius</i> and related taxa (<i>R. beringensis</i> and <i>R. krausei</i>) it can be distinguished by narrower inner tepals (similar in size to those in other subspecies of <i>R. acetosella</i>). The distribution of <i></i></i>subsp.<i><i> arenicola</i> and its relations to other taxa are in need of further study.</p>
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rumex acetosella
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Acetosa acetosella;Acetosa hastata;Acetosa vulgaris;Rumex acetosella var. vulgaris
|basionyms=
|family=Polygonaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer.
|habitat=Roadsides, cultivated fields, waste places, disturbed areas, lawns, meadows, railroad gravels, sandy and muddy shores: usually in acidic soils
|elevation=0-2700 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;w Asia;introduced almost worldwide.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1022.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Rumex
|subgenus=Rumex subg. Acetosella
|species=Rumex acetosella
}}<!--

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