View source for Vaccaria hispanica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Vaccaria hispanica
|accepted_authority=(Miller) Rauschert
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Feddes Repert.
|place=73: 52. 1966
|year=1966
}}
|common_names=Cowherb;cowcockle;saponaire des vaches
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Saponaria hispanica
|authority=Miller
|rank=species
|publication_title=Gard. Dict. ed.
|publication_place=8, Saponaria no. 4 (in errata). 1768
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Saponaria vaccaria
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Vaccaria pyramidata
|authority=Medikus
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Vaccaria segetalis
|authority=(Necker) Garcke ex Ascherson
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Vaccaria vaccaria
|authority=(Linnaeus) Britton
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Vaccaria vulgaris
|authority=Host
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae;Vaccaria;Vaccaria hispanica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Vaccaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Vaccaria hispanica]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 156
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>glabrous, glaucous. <b>Stems</b> 20–100 cm. <b>Leaf</b> blades 2–10 cm, base cuneate to cordate. <b>Cymes</b> open, 16–50(–100)-flowered. <b>Pedicels</b> (5–)10–30(–55) mm. <b>Flowers</b>: calyx 9–17 mm, with 5 prominent, usually green, winged angles or ridges, each ridge with strong, cordlike marginal vein; petals with claw 8–14 mm, blade 3–8 mm. <b>Capsules</b> included in calyx tube. <b>Seeds</b> 2–2.5 mm wide. <b>2n</b> = 30.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer.
|habitat=Fields, waste places
|elevation=0-2400 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;widely naturalized elsewhere.
|discussion=<p>If the genus <i>Vaccaria</i> is treated as monotypic, <i>V. hispanica</i> then includes four subspecies, and our material is subsp. hispanica. <i>Vaccaria hispanica</i> still occasionally is included in <i>Saponaria</i> (e.g., F. Swink and G. S. Wilhelm 1994). Once a common weed of grain fields (like <i>Agrostemma githago</i>), it is now increasingly rare or has been extirpated in many localities; the distribution stated above may be the historical maximum, rather than current, North American distribution. The saponin-containing seeds of this species are poisonous upon ingestion.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Vaccaria hispanica
|authority=(Miller) Rauschert
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Saponaria vaccaria;Vaccaria pyramidata;Vaccaria segetalis;Vaccaria vaccaria;Vaccaria vulgaris
|basionyms=Saponaria hispanica
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer.
|habitat=Fields, waste places
|elevation=0-2400 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;widely naturalized elsewhere.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Feddes Repert.
|publication year=1966
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_318.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae
|genus=Vaccaria
|species=Vaccaria hispanica
}}<!--

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