sheaths usually open to the base, varying to closed for nearly their full length; auricles present or absent; abaxial ligules absent; adaxial ligules scarious
10 KB (674 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
usually erect or ascending, sometimes prostrate or decumbent for much of their length, occasionally climbing, rarely floating; nodes prominent, sometimes concealed
28 KB (1,872 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
florets, occasionally absent; lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes in length and texture; upper lemmas indurate, coriaceous, or cartilaginous, with a
17 KB (785 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
base; internodes usually hollow. Sheaths usually open for most of their length, sometimes closed; collars without tufts of hair on the sides; auricles
40 KB (861 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
evaluated on the lower florets within several spikelets; length of the callus hairs refers to their length when stretched out; anther measurements are based on
82 KB (1,737 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
pair shorter than median inner 2 pairs), rarely equal in length or in 3 pairs of unequal length; filaments (slender, sometimes winged, appendaged, or toothed):
95 KB (3,708 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
papillate, or denticulate; staminode included to exserted, if included, length 3/4+ times corolla throat. Seeds angled or rounded, rarely angled-elongate
11 KB (337 words) - 20:22, 8 December 2021
florets. Glumes usually exceeding the floret(s), always longer than 1/4 the length of the adjacent floret, 1-10-veined, narrowly lanceolate to ovate, hyaline
13 KB (1,008 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
occasionally piliferous from rounded-cucullate base; costa to (20–)40–100% leaf length, terminal spine present or absent, abaxial surface occasionally toothed;
20 KB (981 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
hypanthium absent; sepals 0 or 2–12, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or (3–)5(–6), distinct or connate; nectary present or absent;
18 KB (1,347 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
usually hollow, rarely solid. Sheaths closed, margins united for most of their length; collars without tufts of hair on the sides; auricles sometimes present;
4 KB (478 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
obtrullate, rhombic-ovate, broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8(–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5(–9), sinuses
25 KB (651 words) - 00:00, 6 November 2020
petal blades often same color as lateral sepals, usually greater than 1/5 length of lateral sepals (exceptions in red- and yellow-flowered species). None
2 KB (176 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
located above the vaginant laminae, and a dorsal lamina that occupies the length of the leaf opposite the vaginant and ventral laminae; costa single, usually
2 KB (185 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
compressed; stamens (2–)4, adnate to corolla, didynamous [both pairs of equal length in autogamous forms], staminode 0; pistil 1, 2-carpellate, ovary superior
7 KB (628 words) - 20:27, 5 November 2020
pink, campanulate to urceolate, glabrous; tepals 5, connate 3–70% of their length, petaloid or sepaloid, monomorphic or, rarely, dimorphic, the inner usually
6 KB (649 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
partially adnate to hypanthium, styles 1–5, lateral, distinct, adnate most of length, exsert; ovules 2, superposed. Fruits pomes, yellow to red or purplish to
21 KB (2,479 words) - 16:24, 9 December 2021
or weakly to strongly compressed, closed only at the base or up to full length, fusion of the margins not extended by a hyaline membrane, basal sheaths
3 KB (488 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
(subfam. Polygonoideae), or 2–10+, usually connate proximally or to 1/2 their length, rarely perfoliate, foliaceous or scalelike, margins entire, sometimes awn-tipped
12 KB (1,495 words) - 20:20, 17 May 2021
bracteoles. Bracteoles cuneate to ovate or obovate, united at least to 1/2 of length, faces with tubercles or crests or smooth. Seeds: radicle lateral or superior
2 KB (201 words) - 14:55, 6 March 2024
endosperm absent; embryo straight [curved]; cotyledons 25–40% of total embryo length. Nearly worldwide except very cold or very dry regions, almost confined
6 KB (558 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
conic, sometimes clavate, often rough-thickened basally to nearly whole length. x = 7. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South
24 KB (1,890 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
Sporophores long, 1–3 times length of trophophore; blades dull, blue to green. > 28 27 Sporophores short, only 1–2 times length of trophophore; blades shiny
16 KB (461 words) - 20:36, 6 November 2020
less than 1/5 length of body. Carex sect. Chordorrhizae 34 Perigynia veinless or weakly veined adaxially; beak 0.2+ mm, at least 1/4 length of body. Carex
82 KB (3,643 words) - 21:20, 17 July 2023
absent; pistil 3-carpellate; styles 3, distinct or connate basally to most of length, unbranched or 2-fid. Fruits capsules, tardily dehiscent and with spongy
12 KB (1,294 words) - 15:46, 17 May 2021
for at least 3/4 their length; those such as F. saximontana, in which they are closed from 1/3 to slightly more than 1/2 their length; and those such as F
45 KB (2,833 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
series of 25–45 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically attenuate, 90–95% length of inner, inner apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5–in S. sphacelata)1
13 KB (793 words) - 20:33, 8 December 2021
pubescent or glandular abaxially; tepals 6, connate proximally to 1/2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic, usually entire apically, rarely emarginate; stamens
13 KB (1,373 words) - 21:23, 9 February 2021
Spikelets ellipsoid to lanceolate, glabrous. Lower glumes 1/5 - 4/5 the length of the spikelets, 1-11-veined; upper glumes and lower lemmas (5)7-15-veined;
2 KB (250 words) - 18:56, 11 May 2021
overlapping, free from subtending included or exserted bracts for most of length, spirally arranged, strongly flattened, at maturity relatively thin to strongly
9 KB (768 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
margins; teeth erect to spreading or divergent, connate at least 1/2 their length, typically shallow, mostly unequal, with alternating long and short awns
3 KB (325 words) - 23:15, 5 November 2020
hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–6, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or [4–]5[–6], distinct; nectary present or absent; stamens 2–5[–50]
9 KB (777 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
the valleys) canals. Leaves in whorls, fused part of length into sheaths. Stem ridges traversing length of internode and continuing into sheaths, terminating
10 KB (489 words) - 15:20, 2 June 2022
[3–](4–)5(–9)[–10] or 0, imbricate or valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length in C. argyranthemus); petals 5 (sometimes rudimentary) or 0, distinct or
18 KB (818 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
terete or slightly compressed. Sheaths closed from 1/7 their length to their entire length, terete to compressed, smooth or scabrous, glabrous or pubescent;
4 KB (420 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
usually equal to or 2 times number of petals, usually in 2 whorls of unequal length, sometimes 1 whorl; anthers versatile [or basifixed], introrse, 2-locular
9 KB (801 words) - 23:41, 2 December 2022
paniclelike, or capitate; tepals 4 or 15, connate 1/ 2/ 3 their length (less than 5 their length in P. wallichii); stamens 5-8 Persicaria 16 Inflorescences
10 KB (665 words) - 23:07, 5 November 2020
1/3–3/4 length of perigynia; bases of perigynia not longitudinally striate on adaxial face. Carex leavenworthii 6 Pistillate scales at least 3/4 length of perigynia;
12 KB (379 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
less than 1/2 tepal length (nearly equaling tepal length in F. camschatcensis, but very narrow and obscure; to 2/3 tepal length in F. affinis); small
12 KB (541 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
(subexplanate, sides glabrous in P. personatus), sutures smooth; staminode included, length usually 1/3–3/4 times corolla throat. Seeds angled, wings absent or narrow
3 KB (230 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
petals lobed or not. > 4 3 Petal length 2 times width, lobes ± equal or middle lobe wider. Clarkia concinna 3 Petal length equal to width, middle lobe longer
15 KB (533 words) - 17:51, 2 December 2022
sepals 5, imbricate, distinct or connate to 1/2 length; petals 5, distinct or connate basally to most of length, white, greenish yellow, pink, red, or purple
8 KB (575 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
used to contrast with involute or revolute margins. In this treatment, the length of the corolla lobes and tube is measured from the point of contact in the
74 KB (2,673 words) - 15:17, 5 February 2024
androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–5(–9), connate most or all of length; petals (3–)4–5(–9), distinct (connate distally, forming calyptra, in Vitis)
6 KB (550 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
perforate, cilia usually appendiculate, to variously reduced in number or length or sometimes absent. Calyptra fugacious, cucullate, small, smooth. Spores
12 KB (818 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
blade length; inflorescences all bisexual and terminal; Florida. Acalypha chamaedrifolia 10 Petioles 0.4–2.5 cm, more than 2/3 leaf blade length; inflorescences
12 KB (853 words) - 15:52, 28 March 2022
recurved to form confluent, poorly defined false indusia, extending entire length of segment or discontinuous on apical or lateral lobes. Veins of ultimate
18 KB (985 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
keeled or not keeled, glabrous, pilose, or puberulent, lobes not reflexed, length 0.5–1 times tube; petals 5, lavender, magenta, pink, rose, violet, white
22 KB (2,094 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
nodal fringe > 9 9 Styles 1, or (2-)3, connate proximally for 2 or more of length or rarely distinct > 10 9 Styles 3 or 5, occasionally 2, distinct or nearly
22 KB (1,113 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
grooved over sutures, prickly, rarely unarmed, dehiscing from apex ca. 1/3 length, valves separating from framework of vascular elements, to which persistent
11 KB (563 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
lanceoloid or ovoid, terete to weakly 4-angled dehiscent nearly throughout their length; sessile. Seeds numerous, in (1 or) 2 rows per locule, prismatic and angled
6 KB (530 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
sometimes lost in heat-treated specimens); sporangia following veins for most of length, not covered by reflexed leaf margin (false indusium). Pityrogramma 5 Leaves
12 KB (634 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
3/4 their length, the hairs about 1.5 mm long Muhlenbergia curtifolia 29 Lemmas scabridulous or pubescent for no more than 1/2 their length, the hairs
38 KB (1,181 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
branching above the base; internodes hollow. Sheaths closed for their whole length or almost so; collars without tufts of hair on the sides; auricles sometimes
7 KB (664 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
acuminate or sometimes acute to rounded; costa usually double, 1/4–2/3 leaf length, sometimes single or nearly ecostate; alar cells sometimes differentiated;
7 KB (523 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
solitary spikelet; spikelets 1–150; 1st order rays unequal (rarely equal) in length, produced singly from the axils of inflorescence bracts; involucral bracts
39 KB (517 words) - 15:42, 16 November 2022
morefieldii); sepals ascending, connivent at least proximally and usually much of length, variously colored, lanceolate or oblong to broadly ovate, thick, usually
11 KB (363 words) - 22:46, 5 November 2020
elements present. Rhizophores borne on upperside of stems, throughout stem length or confined to base of stem. Leaves monomorphic, tightly appressed and spirally
15 KB (584 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
stamens: filaments 5 long and 5 short, alternating with one another, or equal length. x = (5–)7(–12). North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
21 KB (920 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
recurved, 1-year old very dark, usually slender, 1–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (0–)10–40(–60)% blade, pubescent (young), sessile-glandular (young); blade
16 KB (866 words) - 23:53, 5 November 2020
from mature anthers that have dehisced and shed their pollen. Pollen sac length is the distance from the distal tip of the sac to its point of confluence
14 KB (1,771 words) - 19:59, 8 December 2021
Perigynium measurements are best taken from perigynia about 1/3 of the spike length. Perigynia become distinctly marrower near the top of the spikes and the
55 KB (863 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
compound starch grains, rarely with simple starch grains; embryos to 1/3 the length of the caryopses; epiblasts usually present; scutellar cleft usually present;
5 KB (466 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
[present]; stamens 2–6(–10)[–25], distinct or connate basally (connate 1/2 length in T. nigricans); pistillode present [absent]. Pistillate flowers: sepals
9 KB (549 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
herbaceous at maturity, 1/2 as long as to nearly equaling the upper lemmas in length, 3-9-veined; lower florets staminate or sterile; lower lemmas membranous
12 KB (662 words) - 12:46, 5 June 2023
species the leaf and sheath of submersed leaves are adnate for part of their length, and the leaf appears to have a sheathing base with an adaxial ligule at
7 KB (794 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
pedicels short. Spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid, glabrous. Lower glumes varying in length, 0-3-veined (rarely 7-veined); upper glumes and lower lemmas usually 3-5-veined
3 KB (263 words) - 18:56, 11 May 2021
or ± round pits (pits oriented with longer dimension at right angles to length of seed). x = 9. North America, Mexico, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa
5 KB (312 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
a limbidium; costa usually distinct, infrequently obscured, variable in length, absent or nearly so to short-excurrent, variable in structure (bryoides-type
26 KB (1,714 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
typically constricted neck; limb lobes erect or curved, equal to unequal in length and/or width, linear to oblong or deltate, often papillate at recurved or
19 KB (1,096 words) - 22:18, 5 November 2020
sterile florets below the sexual floret, these no more than 1/2 (9/10) the length of the fertile floret; unisexual spikelets in the same or different panicles;
5 KB (428 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
locule, anatropous; styles 1–12, distinct or connate proximally to most of length; stigmas (1–)2–12. Fruits capsules [berries], dehiscence septicidal, loculicidal
9 KB (775 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
mm, length 1–2(–3) times subtending bracts. Veronica persica 26 Capsules absent or almost smooth, sinus angle 50–90°; pedicels (15–)20–30 mm, length 2–5
16 KB (886 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
radiculose, occasionally bare or tomentose, axillary hairs several cells in length, sometimes the proximal 1–3 cells brownish. Stem leaves usually appressed
20 KB (884 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
blades less than 1/5 length of lateral sepals; sepals never red or yellow. Sect. Elatopsis 1 Lower petal blades more than 1/5 length of lateral sepals; sepals
5 KB (569 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
Thalictrum include leaflet shape, degree of dilation of filaments, anther length, shape of anther apex, achene shape and venation patterns, and vestiture
14 KB (849 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
flowers, subtended by triangular bract. Flowers: sepals connate for most of length, usually mixture of brown, purple, or yellow, externally glabrous, inner
7 KB (446 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
dense mats. Petiole short, threadlike to wiry, often winged part or entire length. Blade ovate or oblong to lanceolate, simple to decompound, usually 1 cell
5 KB (452 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
purple-veined or -blotched, sometimes white-areolate, winged laterally along its length, usually prominently costate, surfaces of pitcher and hood glabrous or hairy
5 KB (538 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
Pedicels usually longer than 3 mm, similar to the rame internodes in shape, length, and pubescence color, not fused to the rame axes. Pedicellate spikelets
11 KB (573 words) - 18:57, 11 May 2021
connate basally for more than 1/10 total length. > 41 40 Tepals distinct or connate basally for less than 1/10 total length. > 49 41 Flowering stems leafy. >
39 KB (3,176 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
limbs; petals 5, nearly distinct, connate at bases or for most of their length (corolla salverform); blade clawed or claw absent, margins entire; corona
5 KB (493 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
pyriform or urceolate, neck well differentiated, sometimes 1+ times urn length; exothecial cells near mouth quadrate or short-rectangular, often reddish
7 KB (687 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
glabrous or pubescent, basal branching extravaginal. Sheaths open the entire length or fused at the base; auricles absent; ligules membranous, often erose to
9 KB (681 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
sometimes somewhat basally concentrated; sheaths open for most of their length; auricles often present; ligules membranous, usually truncate or rounded
40 KB (2,632 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
3-carpellate (Astilbe, Lithophragma, Micranthes), carpels connate for full length of ovary to barely connate proximally, equal, rarely unequal (Tiarella);
24 KB (2,046 words) - 23:46, 5 November 2020
peltate. Fruits baccate or drupaceous [capsular]. Seeds not arillate; embryo length 1/3+ times seed, cotyledons large. Introduced; Fla., Mexico, West Indies
3 KB (197 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
1–4 mm; blade oblong-obovate or obovate lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.8 cm, length 2–4 times width, base acute, margins entire or with a few reduced teeth
12 KB (920 words) - 23:58, 5 November 2020
terete or weakly compressed; nodes terete. Sheaths closed for 1/10-1/3 their length, terete, smooth or scabrous, distal sheaths usually longer than their blades;
4 KB (481 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
Scalelike leaves not overlapping, or, if so, by not more than 1/5 their length, apex obtuse to acute; bark of larger branchlets exfoliating in plates;
9 KB (512 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/4–1/3 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, occasionally included;
18 KB (535 words) - 20:40, 22 September 2022
developed; nectary scale attached basally, free from petal for at least 1/2 its length, forming flap covering nectary (or sometimes attached on 3 sides, forming
9 KB (314 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
in 2 whorls, outer usually opposite petals, often alternately unequal in length or sterile, distinct, free or adnate to petal bases, inserted on or proximal
6 KB (500 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Anther 1–2 times length of filament, less than 1 mm; capsule usually exceeding perianth Juncus compressus 11 Anther 2–4 times length of filament, longer
7 KB (290 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
leaves, ocreae, and petioles are from the middle of the main stem. Leaf length includes the petiole. Heterophyllous taxa have cauline leaves at least three
10 KB (707 words) - 21:17, 19 May 2022
subsessile refers leaves with a petiole to 0.5 mm. Measurements of raceme length refer to the flowering and/or fruiting portion (including attachment scars)
11 KB (1,157 words) - 23:52, 2 December 2022
blackish, older graying, ± stout to ± slender, 2.5–5(–7) cm. Leaves: petiole length 28–60% blade, winged, glabrous or pubescent, distally variably sessile-glandular;
14 KB (936 words) - 23:53, 5 November 2020
compressed. Sheaths usually closed for 1/2-7/8 their length, sometimes only 1/20 – 1/10 their length, terete to distinctly compressed, smooth or scabrous;
4 KB (501 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
Spikelets 1 at all or most nodes. > 7 7 Spikelets usually more than 3 times the length of the middle rachis internodes, usually divergent, sometimes ascending;
14 KB (1,219 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
scarious. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, connate proximally into tube of varying length and shape, usually funnelform, lobes similar, usually ascending to spreading;
9 KB (626 words) - 22:16, 5 November 2020