View source for Silene latifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Silene latifolia
|accepted_authority=Poiret
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Voy. Barbarie
|place=2: 165. 1789
|year=1789
}}
|common_names=White campion or cockle;silène blanc
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Silene alba
|authority=(Miller) E. H. L. Krause
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lychnis alba
|authority=Miller
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lychnis ×loveae
|authority=B. Boivin
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lychnis vespertina
|authority=Sibthorp
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Melandrium album
|authority=(Miller) Garcke
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Melandrium dioicum subsp. alba
|authority=(Miller) D. Löve
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Silene latifolia subsp. alba
|authority=(Miller) Greuter & Burdet
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Silene pratensis
|authority=(Rafinesque) Grenier & Godron
}}
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae;Silene;Silene latifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Silene]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Silene latifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 169, 182, 192, 194
|treatment_page=page 191
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or short-lived perennial; taproot woody. <b>Stems</b> erect or decumbent at base, branched, to 100 cm, finely hirsute, glandular-puberulent distally. <b>Leaves</b>: blade hirsute on both surfaces; basal usually withering by flowering time, petiolate, blade oblong-lanceolate to elliptic; cauline sessile, reduced into inflorescence, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 3–12 cm × 6–30 mm, apex acute. <b>Inflorescences</b> several–many-flowered (fewer in pistillate plants), open, dichasial cymes, bracteate; bracts much reduced, lanceolate, herbaceous. <b>Pedicels</b> 1–5 cm. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, some plants having only staminate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, fragrant, 25–35 mm diam.; in veined staminate plants subsessile to short-pedicellate, in pistillate plants pedicellate; calyx prominently 10-veined in staminate flowers, 20-veined in pistillate, tubular, becoming ovate in pistillate flowers, 10–20(–24) × 8–15 mm in fruit, margins dentate, hirsute and shortly glandular-pubescent, lobes to 6 mm, broadly ovate with apex obtuse, to lanceolate with apex acuminate; petals white, broadly obovate, ca. 2 times calyx, limb spreading, unlobed to 2-lobed; stamens equaling to slightly longer than calyx; stigmas (4–)5, slightly longer than calyx. <b>Capsules</b> ovate, ca. equaling calyx, opening by (4–)5, spreading to slightly reflexed, 2-fid teeth; carpophore 1–2 mm. <b>Seeds</b> dark gray-brown, reniform-rotund, plump, ca. 1.5 mm, coarsely tuberculate. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall.
|habitat=Arable land, roadsides, waste land
|elevation=0-2800 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p>European botanists recognize several subspecies of <i>Silene latifolia</i>, at least two of which appear to occur in North America: <i></i>subsp.<i> latifolia</i> [<i>S. alba</i> subsp. divaricata (Reichenbach) Walters], a commonly occurring form here, with acuminate calyx teeth and patent to recurved capsule teeth; and <i></i>subsp.<i> alba</i> (Miller) Greuter & Burdet, less common in North America, with short, obtuse calyx teeth and erect teeth in the dehisced capsule. However, most of our material tends to be intermediate, making recognition of subspecies here of little value. Presumably there has been extensive gene exchange between populations of this outbreeding species since its introduction into North America.</p><!--
--><p>The name <i>Silene latifolia</i> has been misapplied to <i>S. vulgaris</i> by some authors, which has been a cause of confusion.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Silene latifolia
|author=
|authority=Poiret
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Lychnis alba;Lychnis ×loveae;Lychnis vespertina;Melandrium album;Melandrium dioicum subsp. alba;Silene latifolia subsp. alba;Silene pratensis
|basionyms=Silene alba
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall.
|habitat=Arable land, roadsides, waste land
|elevation=0-2800 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Voy. Barbarie
|publication year=1789
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_389.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae
|genus=Silene
|species=Silene latifolia
}}<!--

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