View source for Phyllanthus niruri

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phyllanthus niruri
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 981. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Gale of the wind
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Phyllanthus lathyroides
|authority=Kunth
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=P. niruri subsp. lathyroides
|authority=(Kunth) G. L. Webster
|rank=subspecies
}}
|hierarchy=Phyllanthaceae;Phyllanthus;Phyllanthus niruri
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Phyllanthaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phyllanthus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Phyllanthus niruri]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 336, 337
|treatment_page=page 342
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, monoecious, 1–5 dm; branching phyllanthoid. <b>Stems</b>: main stems terete, not winged, glabrous; ultimate branchlets subterete, not winged, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> on main stems spiral, scalelike; stipules not auriculate, brown. <b>Leaves</b> on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed; stipules not auriculate, brown; blade elliptic, 11–20 × 4.5–9 mm, base obtuse to rounded, apex obtuse, both surfaces glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> cymules or flowers solitary, unisexual, proximal with 3–7 staminate flowers, distal with 1 pistillate flower. <b>Pedicels</b>: staminate 1.2–1.8 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, 4–7 mm. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals 5(–6), pale green, flat, 1.5–3 mm; nectary extrastaminal, 5(–6) glands; stamens 3, filaments connate 1/2 length. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: sepals 5, green, flat, 3–3.5 mm, pinnately veined; nectary annular, unlobed. <b>Capsules</b> 3.5 mm diam., smooth. <b>Seeds</b> uniformly brown, 1.5–1.8 mm, verrucose. <b>2n</b> = 26 (Costa Rica).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall.
|habitat=River and stream banks, sand.
|elevation=60–120 m.
|distribution=Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America.
|discussion=<p><i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> is found in the flora area only in DeWitt, Fayette, and Lavaca counties (and historically from Gonzales County, where it appears to be extirpated; L. E. Brown and S. J. Marcus 1998); it is widespread in the American tropics. Like <i>P. urinaria</i>, it is widely used in folk medicine and is the subject of intense pharmacological research. Plants from outside the West Indies and Caribbean northern South America often have been segregated as subsp. lathyroides; the differences are trivial and recent authors (G. L. Webster 2001; V. W. Steinmann 2007) did not subdivide the species.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phyllanthus niruri
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Phyllanthus lathyroides;P. niruri subsp. lathyroides
|basionyms=
|family=Phyllanthaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall.
|habitat=River and stream banks, sand.
|elevation=60–120 m.
|distribution=Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_752.xml
|genus=Phyllanthus
|species=Phyllanthus niruri
}}<!--

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