View source for Phragmites australis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phragmites australis
|accepted_authority=(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
|publications=
|common_names=Common reed;Phragmite commun;Roseau commun
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Phragmites communis
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Phragmites karka
|authority=(Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae;Poaceae tribe Arundineae;Phragmites;Phragmites australis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Arundineae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phragmites]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Phragmites australis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 10
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Culms </b>1-4 m tall, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, erect. <b>Ligules</b> about 1 mm, composed of hairs; blades 15-40 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, long-acuminate, disarticulating from the sheath at maturity. <b>Panicles</b> 15-35 cm long, 8-20 cm wide, ovoid to lanceoloid, often purplish when young, straw-colored at maturity; rachilla hairs (4)6-10 mm. <b>Spikelets</b> with 3-10 florets. <b>Lower</b> glumes 3-7 mm; upper glumes (4)5-10 mm; lemmas 8-15 mm, glabrous, linear, margins somewhat inrolled, apices long-acuminate; paleas 3-4 mm, membranous; anthers 1.5-2 mm, purplish; styles persistent. <b>Caryopses</b> 2-3 mm, rarely maturing. <b>2n</b> = 36, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49-54, 72, 84, 96, 120.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;D.C.;Wis.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.H.;N.Mex.;Ind.;La.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;N.C.;Nebr.;Tenn.;Pa.;R.I.;Nev.;Mass.;Maine;Vt.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Miss.;Calif.;Ala.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mich.;Ohio;Minn.;Mont.;Oreg.;S.C.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Phragmites australis</i> grows in wet or muddy ground along waterways, in saline or freshwater marshes, and in sloughs throughout North America. Its tall, leafy, often persistent culms and plumose panicles make it one of our easier species to recognize. In Florida, <i>Neyraudia reynaudiana</i> is sometimes mistaken for <i>P. australis</i>, but the former has glabrous internodes and pilose lemmas.</p><!--
--><p>It is also one of the most widely distributed flowering plants, growing in most temperate and tropical regions of the world, spreading quickly by rhizomes. Once established, it is difficult to eradicate. Its uses include thatching, lattices, arrow shafts, construction boards, mats, and erosion control, and it was used in the past to make cigarettes and superior pen quills.</p><!--
--><p><i>Phragmites</i> karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. is sometimes attributed to the Flora region. It supposedly dif¬fers from <i>P. australis</i> as shown below, but all the characters intergrade. For this reason, they are treated here as components of a single species.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Blades smooth on the abaxial surfaces, the apices filiform, flexible; rachilla hairs 6-10 mm long; upper glumes 5-10 mm long
|[[Phragmites australis|Phragmites australis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Blades scabrous on the abaxial surface, the apices attenuate, stiff; rachilla hairs 4-7mm long; upper glumes 4-6 mm long
|[[Phragmites karka|Phragmites karka]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phragmites australis
|authority=(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Phragmites communis;Phragmites karka
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|illustrator=Linda A. Vorobik;Hana Pazdírková
|illustration copyright=Utah State University
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;D.C.;Wis.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.H.;N.Mex.;Ind.;La.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;N.C.;Nebr.;Tenn.;Pa.;R.I.;Nev.;Mass.;Maine;Vt.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Miss.;Calif.;Ala.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mich.;Ohio;Minn.;Mont.;Oreg.;S.C.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Ky.
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_22.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Arundineae
|genus=Phragmites
|species=Phragmites australis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Phragmites]]