View source for Persicaria pensylvanica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Persicaria pensylvanica
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) M. Gómez
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ.
|place=2: 278. 1896
|year=1896
}}
|common_names=Pennsylvania smartweed;renouée de Pennsylvanie
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum pensylvanicum
|authority=Linnaeus
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Persicaria mississippiensis
|authority=(Stanford) Small
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Persicaria pensylvanica var. dura
|authority=(Stanford) C. F. Reed
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum omissum
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum pensylvanicum var. durum
|authority=Stanford
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum
|authority=Myers
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum pensylvanicum var. laevigatum
|authority=Fernald
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum pensylvanicum var. nesophilum
|authority=Fernald
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum pensylvanicum var. rosiflorum
|authority=Norton
}}
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Persicaria;Persicaria sect. Persicaria;Persicaria pensylvanica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Persicaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Persicaria sect. Persicaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Persicaria pensylvanica]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 582, 583, 589
|treatment_page=page 588
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual, 1–20 dm; roots also occasionally arising from basal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. <b>Stems</b> ascending to erect, simple or branched, ribbed, glabrous or appressed-pubescent distally, eglandular or stipitate-glandular distally. <b>Leaves</b>: ocrea brownish, cylindric, 5–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 0.5 mm, surface glabrous or appressed-pubescent, eglandular; petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm, glabrous or appressed-pubescent; blade sometimes with dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–17(–23) × (0.5–)1–4.8 cm, base tapered to cuneate, margins antrorsely scabrous, apex acuminate, faces glabrous or appressed-pubescent, eglandular or glandular-punctate abaxially and occasionally adaxially. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal and axillary, erect or rarely nodding, uninterrupted, 5–50 × 5–15 mm; peduncle 10–55(–70) mm, glabrous or pubescent, usually stipitate-glandular; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 0.5 mm. <b>Pedicels</b> ascending, 1.5–4.5 mm. <b>Flowers</b> 2–14 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish white to roseate, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/4–1/3 their length, obovate to elliptic, 2.5–5 mm, veins prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers yellow, pink, or red, elliptic; styles 2(–3), connate at bases. <b>Achenes</b> included or apex exserted, brown to black, discoid or, rarely, 3-gonous, without central hump on 1 side, 2.1–3.4 × 1.8–3 mm, shiny, smooth. <b>2n</b> = 88.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering May–Dec.
|habitat=Moist, disturbed places, ditches, riverbanks, cultivated fields, shorelines of ponds and reservoirs
|elevation=0-1800 m
|distribution=N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;South America (Ecuador);Europe (England;Spain).
|discussion=<p><i>Persicaria pensylvanica</i> is a morphologically variable allotetraploid, with <i>P. lapathifolia</i> probably one of the parents (L. L. Consaul et al. 1991). Three or four varieties (under <i>Polygonum</i>) often have been accepted in North American floras; the characters on which these are based vary greatly within and among populations. J. W. Taylor-Lehman (1987) concluded that <i>Polygonum</i> pensylvanicum is best treated as a polymorphic species without infraspecific taxa, based on specimens primarily from Ohio. The heterostylous <i>Persicaria bicornis</i> often is included in <i>P. pensylvanica</i>. A single chromosome count of 2n = 22 reported by Á. Löve and D. Löve (1982), which could not be confirmed by Consaul et al. because the voucher could not be found, is excluded. Flowers with three styles and trigonous achenes are produced; they are exceedingly rare and probably mostly overlooked. Several Native American tribes prepared infusions and decoctions from <i>P. pensylvanica</i>, which they used as drugs for humans and horses (D. E. Moerman 1998).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=taylor-lehman1987a
|text=Taylor-Lehman, J. W. 1987. Variation in Polygonum pensylvanicum L. (Polygonaceae) with an Emphasis on Variety eglandulosum Myers. M.S. thesis. Ohio State University.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Persicaria pensylvanica
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) M. Gómez
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Persicaria mississippiensis;Persicaria pensylvanica var. dura;Polygonum omissum;Polygonum pensylvanicum var. durum;Polygonum pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum;Polygonum pensylvanicum var. laevigatum;Polygonum pensylvanicum var. nesophilum;Polygonum pensylvanicum var. rosiflorum
|basionyms=Polygonum pensylvanicum
|family=Polygonaceae
|phenology=Flowering May–Dec.
|habitat=Moist, disturbed places, ditches, riverbanks, cultivated fields, shorelines of ponds and reservoirs
|elevation=0-1800 m
|distribution=N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;South America (Ecuador);Europe (England;Spain).
|reference=taylor-lehman1987a
|publication title=Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ.
|publication year=1896
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1200.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Persicaria
|section=Persicaria sect. Persicaria
|species=Persicaria pensylvanica
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Persicaria sect. Persicaria]]