View source for Penstemon grandiflorus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Penstemon grandiflorus
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no.
|place=64. 1813
|year=1813
}}
|common_names=Shell-leaf beardtongue
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Penstemon;Penstemon subg. Penstemon;Penstemon sect. Coerulei;Penstemon grandiflorus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Penstemon]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Penstemon subg. Penstemon]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Penstemon sect. Coerulei]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Penstemon grandiflorus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 111, 119, 121
|treatment_page=page 118
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>erect, (40–)50–95(–120) cm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, glabrous; basal and proximal cauline 30–160 × 6–50 mm, blade spatulate to obovate, base tapered, apex rounded to obtuse or acute; cauline 4–8 pairs, sessile, 18–90(–110) × 15–50 mm, blade spatulate to orbiculate, base clasping, apex rounded to obtuse. <b>Thyrses</b> interrupted, cylindric, 12–30(–40) cm, axis glabrous, verticillasters 3–7(–9), cymes 2–4-flowered; proximal bracts ovate to elliptic or orbiculate, (9–)16–83 × (9–)16–54 mm; peduncles and pedicels glabrous. <b>Flowers</b>: calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, 7–11 × 2.5–4 mm, margins entire, rarely erose, herbaceous or narrowly scarious, glabrous; corolla lavender to blue or pinkish blue, with magenta nectar guides, ampliate, 35–48 mm, glabrous externally, glabrous internally, tube 10–13 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 15–18 mm diam., rounded abaxially; stamens included, pollen sacs opposite, 2.1–2.6 mm, sutures papillate; staminode 16–21 mm, included or reaching orifice, 2–2.6 mm diam., tip recurved to coiled, distal 1–2 mm sparsely villous, hairs golden yellow, to 0.5 mm; style 19–30 mm. <b>Capsules</b> 16–20(–25) × 8–15 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy or calcareous soils, tallgrass, mixed-grass, and sand prairies.
|elevation=200–1800(–2400) m.
|distribution=Colo.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.Mex.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;S.Dak.;Tex.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>Widely distributed in the western Midwest and Great Plains in the United States, <i>Penstemon grandiflorus</i> is cultivated as an ornamental for its showy flowers. Reports from Connecticut (D. W. Magee and H. E. Ahles 2007), Indiana (K. Yatskievych 2000), Massachusetts (Magee and Ahles), Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1996), and Ohio (T. S. Cooperrider 1995) appear to be based on introductions. <i>Penstemon grandiflorus</i> has been seeded along highways in Iowa and Nebraska, where it is also native.</p><!--
--><p>The validity of the name <i>Penstemon grandiflorus</i> has been debated owing to the meager diagnosis by Nuttall. The name is accepted here, making P. bradburyi Pursh, an illegitimate, superfluous replacement for <i>P. grandiflorus</i>.</p><!--
--><p>The Dakota, Kiowa, and Sioux tribes, centered in the Great Plains, use <i>Penstemon grandiflorus</i> as an analgesic, a gastrointestinal aid, and for fevers (D. E. Moerman 1998).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Penstemon grandiflorus
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy or calcareous soils, tallgrass, mixed-grass, and sand prairies.
|elevation=200–1800(–2400) m.
|distribution=Colo.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.Mex.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;S.Dak.;Tex.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no.
|publication year=1813
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_308.xml
|genus=Penstemon
|subgenus=Penstemon subg. Penstemon
|section=Penstemon sect. Coerulei
|species=Penstemon grandiflorus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Penstemon sect. Coerulei]]