View source for Magnoliaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Magnoliaceae
|accepted_authority=Jussieu
|publications=
|common_names=Composite Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Magnoliaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Magnoliaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 3
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen, aromatic. <b>Pith</b> homogeneous or diaphragmed. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, simple, petiolate; stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate on adaxial side of petiole (free in <i>Magnolia grandiflora</i>), often ochreate, leaving persistent annular scar around node. <b>Leaf</b> blade pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in <i>Liriodendron</i>), margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, solitary flowers (often paired in <i>Magnolia ashei</i>), pedunculate; spathaceous bracts 2 (<i>Magnolia</i>) or 1 (<i>Liriodendron</i>). <b>Flowers</b>: perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate; tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid, inner tepals petaloid; stamens numerous, hypogynous, free, spirally arranged; filaments very short to 1/2 length of anthers; anthers introrse, latrorse, or extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; connective with distal appendage; pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate receptacle (torus), stalked or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular; placentation marginal, placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (<i>Magnolia</i>) or large and winglike (<i>Liriodendron</i>); stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (<i>Magnolia</i>) or recurved (<i>Liriodendron</i>). <b>Fruits</b> conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent, woody follicles (follicetums, as in <i>Magnolia</i>) or apocarps consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in <i>Liriodendron</i>). <b>Seeds</b> 1-2 per pistil, arillate, endosperm oily (<i>Magnolia</i>), or without aril, adherent to dry endocarp (<i>Liriodendron</i>).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly in Asia;the Pacific Islands;and the Western Hemisphere.
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.</p><!--
--><p>Herbarium material of <i>Magnolia</i> is usually incomplete and inadequate for critical study. Collections should include material of the stipules, spathaceous bracts, a full complement of stamens, and all of the perianth segments to facilitate identification of <i>Magnolia</i> species.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=canright1960a
|text=Canright, J. E. 1960. The comparative morphology and relationships of the Magnoliaceae. III. Carpels. Amer. J. Bot. 47(2): 145-155.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=demuth1978a
|text=Demuth, P. and F. S. Santamour Jr. 1978. Carotenoid flower pigments in Liriodendron and Magnolia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105(1): 65-66.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hardin1989a
|text=Hardin, J. W. and K. A. Jones. 1989. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, X. Magnoliaceae of the United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116(2): 164-173.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=nooteboom1985a
|text=Nooteboom, J. P. 1985. Notes on Magnoliaceae. Blumea 31: 65-121.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=praglowski1974a
|text=Praglowski, J. 1974. Magnoliaceae Juss. Taxonomy by J. E. Dandy. World Pollen Spore Fl. 3: 1-48.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sargent1890a
|text=Sargent, C. S. 1890-1902. The Silva of North America.... 14 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 1-20.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=spongberg1976a
|text=Spongberg, S. A. 1976. Magnoliaceae hardy in temperate North America. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 250-312.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wood1958a
|text=Wood, C. E. Jr. 1958. The genera of the woody Ranales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 296-346.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade entire, base deeply cordate or auriculate, or cuneate to abruptly narrowed or rounded, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate; stipules adnate on petiole or rarely free, early deciduous; tepals petaloid, usually spreading, creamy white, rarely greenish or yellow to orange-yellow, outermost tepals sepaloid, sometimes reflexed, greenish; anthers introrse or latrorse; follicles persistent, coalescent; seeds with brightly colored aril, extruded from follicles and suspended by funiculi.
|[[Magnolia|Magnolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade evenly 2-10-lobed, base rounded to shallowly cordate or truncate, apex broadly truncate or notched; stipules free, erect, leafy, tardily deciduous; tepals petaloid, tip recurved, greenish yellow with feathered orange band near base, outermost tepals sepaloid, reflexed, green; anthers extrorse; samaras caducous, forming elongate spindle-shaped dry cone, indehiscent; seeds without aril, adherent to dry endocarp.
|[[Liriodendron|Liriodendron]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Magnoliaceae
|author=Frederick G. Meyer
|authority=Jussieu
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Magnoliaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Mostly in Asia;the Pacific Islands;and the Western Hemisphere.
|reference=canright1960a;demuth1978a;hardin1989a;nooteboom1985a;praglowski1974a;sargent1890a;spongberg1976a;wood1958a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_228.xml
}}<!--

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