View source for Magnolia acuminata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Magnolia acuminata
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=10, 2: 1082. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|common_names=Cucumber-tree
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Magnolia virginiana var. (e)
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=variety
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=1: 536. 1753
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Kobus acuminata
|authority=(Linnaeus) Nieuwland
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata var. alabamensis
|authority=Ashe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata var. aurea
|authority=(Ashe) Ashe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata subsp. cordata
|authority=(Michaux) E. Murray
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata var. cordata
|authority=(Michaux) Seringe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata var. ludoviciana
|authority=Sargent
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata var. ozarkensis
|authority=Ashe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata
|authority=(Spach) Dandy
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Magnolia cordata
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum acuminatum
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum acuminatum var. aureum
|authority=Ashe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum acuminatum var. flavum
|authority=Small
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum acuminatum var. ludovicianum
|authority=(Sargent) Ashe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum acuminatum var. ozarkense
|authority=(Ashe) Ashe
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum americanum
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum americanum var. subcordatum
|authority=Spach
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tulipastrum cordatum
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Magnoliaceae;Magnolia;Magnolia acuminata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Magnoliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Magnolia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Magnolia acuminata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, single-trunked, to 30 m. <b>Bark</b> dark gray, furrowed. <b>Pith</b> homogeneous. <b>Twigs</b> and foliar buds silvery-pubescent. <b>Leaves</b> distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 3.2-4.3 × 1.4-1.6 cm, abaxially pilose. <b>Leaf</b> blade broadly ovate-elliptic, oblong to oblong-obovate, rarely somewhat rotund, (5-)10-25(-40) × 4-15(-26) cm, base cuneate to truncate or broadly rounded, often somewhat oblique, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially pale green to whitish, pilose to nearly glabrous, adaxially green, glabrous or rarely scattered pilose. <b>Flowers</b> slightly aromatic, 6-9 cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, abaxially silky-pubescent; tepals erect, strongly glaucous to greenish or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow, outermost tepals reflexed, much shorter, green; stamens (50-)60-122(-139), 5-13 mm; filaments white; pistils (35-)40-45(-60). <b>Follicetums</b> oblong-cylindric, often asymmetric, 2-7 × 0.8-2.7 cm; follicles short-beaked, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> heart-shaped, somewhat flattened to somewhat globose, 9-10 mm, smooth, aril reddish orange. <b>2n</b>=76.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Rich woods, slopes, and ravines, often along streams
|elevation=0–1400 m
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p>The vernacular name, cucumber-tree, alludes to the resemblance of the follicetum to the young fruit of cucumber. It is the only magnolia species in the flora that occurs naturally in Canada.</p><!--
--><p>Studies of <i>Magnolia acuminata</i> have failed to reconcile the nature of variation in this widespread species. In an attempt to settle differences in variation patterns, J.W. Hardin (1954) recognized four infraspecific taxa in <i>M. acuminata</i>. Later (1972, 1989) Hardin abandoned his earlier views for a more conservative stance, stating that variation in <i>M. acuminata</i> lacked any consistent pattern or geographic correlation. This is the view taken here–no infraspecific taxa are accepted for <i>M. acuminata</i> at this time. Its flowers are normally greenish and glaucous or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow, less showy than those of other magnolias in the flora. In southern areas, trees with yellow to orange-yellow flowers (originally described by Michaux as <i>M. cordata</i>) occur in North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and perhaps elsewhere, together with trees that bear normal greenish flowers. Both filiform and flagelliform trichomes occur on the leaves; cylindric trichomes also occur.</p><!--
--><p><i>Magnolia acuminata</i> is of value to horticulturists because no other species of the genus has yellow tepals. <i>Magnolia acuminata</i> contains major quantities of xanthophyll lutein-5,6-epoxide and, in smaller amounts, acarotene-5,6-epoxide. Although this carotenoid occurs randomly throughout populations of <i>M. acuminata</i>, often it is masked by chlorophyll and not visibly expressed. Sometimes the carotenoid pigment shows through, as in the hybrid <i>M. acuminata</i> × M. denudata 'Elizabeth'. In that cross the <i>M. acuminata</i> parent tree was a nondescript plant with greenish flowers; yet out of this hybrid came 'Elizabeth', a stunning plant with light canary yellow flowers, a result completely unexpected. A thorough field study of <i>M. acuminata</i> is clearly warranted, and further investigation of the carotenoid flower pigments is needed to clarify the taxonomy of this widespread tree.</p><!--
--><p>The largest known tree of <i>Magnolia acuminata</i>, 29.6m in height with a trunk diameter of 1.26m, is recorded from a specimen cultivated in Waukon, Iowa (American Forestry Association 1994).</p><!--
--><p>The Cherokee and Iroquois tribes used <i>Magnolia acuminata</i>, largely the bark, as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, gastrointestinal aid, anthelmintic, toothache remedy, and for various other uses (D.E. Moerman 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Magnolia acuminata
|authority=(Linnaeus) Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Kobus acuminata;Magnolia acuminata var. alabamensis;Magnolia acuminata var. aurea;Magnolia acuminata subsp. cordata;Magnolia acuminata var. cordata;Magnolia acuminata var. ludoviciana;Magnolia acuminata var. ozarkensis;Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata;Magnolia cordata;Tulipastrum acuminatum;Tulipastrum acuminatum var. aureum;Tulipastrum acuminatum var. flavum;Tulipastrum acuminatum var. ludovicianum;Tulipastrum acuminatum var. ozarkense;Tulipastrum americanum;Tulipastrum americanum var. subcordatum;Tulipastrum cordatum
|basionyms=Magnolia virginiana var. (e)
|family=Magnoliaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Rich woods, slopes, and ravines, often along streams
|elevation=0–1400 m
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1759
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_158.xml
|genus=Magnolia
|species=Magnolia acuminata
}}<!--

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