Difference between revisions of "Helianthus annuus"
Sp. Pl. 2: 904. 1753.
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|common_names=Common sunflower | |common_names=Common sunflower | ||
| + | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=F | ||
| + | |label=Illustrated | ||
| + | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri | |name=Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri | ||
|authority=(Heiser) Heiser | |authority=(Heiser) Heiser | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus annuus subsp. lenticularis | |name=Helianthus annuus subsp. lenticularis | ||
|authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Cockerell | |authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Cockerell | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis | |name=Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis | ||
|authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Steyermark | |authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Steyermark | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus | |name=Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus | ||
|authority=(de Candolle) Cockerell | |authority=(de Candolle) Cockerell | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus | |name=Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus | ||
|authority=Heiser | |authority=Heiser | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus aridus | |name=Helianthus aridus | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus jaegeri | |name=Helianthus jaegeri | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus lenticularis | |name=Helianthus lenticularis | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Helianthus macrocarpus | |name=Helianthus macrocarpus | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae;Helianthus;Helianthus annuus | |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae;Helianthus;Helianthus annuus | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Helianthus annuus | name=Helianthus annuus | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication title=Sp. Pl. | |publication title=Sp. Pl. | ||
|publication year=1753 | |publication year=1753 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_345.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | ||
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | ||
Latest revision as of 21:11, 5 November 2020
Annuals, 100–300 cm. Stems erect, usually hispid. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lance-ovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margins serrate, abaxial faces usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted. Heads 1–9. Peduncles 2–20 cm. Involucres hemispheric or broader, 15–40(–200+) mm diam. Phyllaries 20–30(–100+), ovate to lance-ovate, 13–25 × (3–)5–8 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices abruptly narrowed, long-acuminate, abaxial faces usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. Paleae 9–11 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth long-acuminate, glabrous or hispid). Ray florets (13–)17–30(–100+); laminae 25–50 mm. Disc florets 150+(–1000+); corollas 5–8 mm (throats ± bulbous at bases), lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark (style branches yellow). Cypselae (3–)4–5(–15) mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 2–3.5 mm plus 0–4 obtuse scales 0.5–1 mm. 2n = 34.
Phenology: Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat: Open areas
Elevation: 0–3000 m
Distribution
St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, intoduced nearly worldwide.
Discussion
Helianthus annuus is widely distributed, including weedy, cultivated, and escaped plants. It is the only native North American species to become a major agronomic crop. Despite its considerable variability, attempts have failed to produce a widely adopted infraspecific system of classification. Forms with red-colored ray laminae, known from cultivation and occasionally seen escaped, trace their ancestry to a single original mutant plant. It hybridizes with many of the other annual species.
Selected References
None.