View source for Euphorbia exserta

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Euphorbia exserta
|accepted_authority=(Small) Coker
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Pl. Life Hartsville,
|place=88. 1912
|year=1912
}}
|common_names=Maroon or purple sand spurge
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Tithymalopsis exserta
|authority=Small
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. S.E. U.S.,
|publication_place=717, 1334. 1903
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euphorbia gracilior
|authority=Cronquist
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=T. gracilis
|authority=Small
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Euphorbia;Euphorbia sect. Alectoroctonum;Euphorbia exserta
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Euphorbia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Euphorbia sect. Alectoroctonum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Euphorbia exserta]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 240, 242
|treatment_page=page 246
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, with spreading rootstock. <b>Stems</b> erect or ascending, unbranched or branched, solitary, few, or occasionally densely clumped, previous year's dead stems not persistent, 20–33 cm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely villous, glaucescent. <b>Leaves</b> alternate; stipules less than 0.1 mm; petiole (0–)1–3 mm, glabrous; blade linear or linear-elliptic to obovate or orbiculate, proximal greatly reduced, scalelike, 15–30 × 1–20 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex rounded, broadly acute, or emarginate, surfaces glabrous, glaucescent; venation often obscure on narrow leaves, midvein conspicuous. <b>Cyathia</b> usually in terminal dichasia, sometimes pleiochasia; peduncle 6–33 mm, filiform, glabrous. <b>Involucre</b> usually dark red, campanulate, 1.3–1.6 × 1.4–2.1 mm, glabrous; glands 5, usually dark red, rarely greenish red, elliptic reniform, thickened, 0.3–0.5 × 0.8 mm; appendages white or green, often forming narrow rim around distal margin of gland, 0–0.2 mm, entire. <b>Staminate</b> flowers 20–25. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: ovary glabrous; styles 0.4–0.8 mm, 2-fid at apex. <b>Capsules</b> depressed-globose, 1.8–2.5 × 3.6–4.4 mm, glabrous; columella 1.9–2.4 mm. <b>Seeds</b> ashy white, ovoid, 2.1 × 1.3 mm, angled with 5 blunt longitudinal ridges, with shallow and irregular pits; caruncle absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–summer.
|habitat=Xeric to dry pine-oak scrub of sand hills, pine-oak woodlands, pine-oak savannas.
|elevation=0–150 m.
|distribution=Fla.;Ga.;N.C.;S.C.;Va.
|discussion=<p>K. R. Park (1998) recognized both <i>Euphorbia exserta</i> and E. gracilior as distinct species, with the former known only from the holotype. However, this treatment follows M. J. Huft (1997) and treats E. gracilior as a synonym of <i>E. exserta</i>. Although the type of <i>E. exserta</i> is unusual in having greenish red (versus dark red) cyathia and glands, as well as small gland appendages, it is otherwise typical of the species as a whole, including features such as the upright habit, reddish coloration, scalelike proximal leaves, and filiform peduncles to 30 mm that are also common to plants formerly treated as E. gracilior. <i>Euphorbia</i> gracilis Elliott, which has sometimes been applied to <i>E. exserta</i>, is an illegitimate name (a later homonym of <i>E. gracilis</i> Loiseleur-Deslongchamps) and pertains here.</p><!--
--><p>The upright habit and usually dark red cyathia and glands distinguish <i>Euphorbia exserta</i> from the otherwise similar <i>E. ipecacuanhae</i>, while the glaucescent vegetative parts and smaller gland appendages readily separate <i>E. exserta</i> from the similar <i>E. curtisii</i>. <i>Euphorbia exserta</i> is found on the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Euphorbia exserta
|authority=(Small) Coker
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Euphorbia gracilior;T. gracilis
|basionyms=Tithymalopsis exserta
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–summer.
|habitat=Xeric to dry pine-oak scrub of sand hills, pine-oak woodlands, pine-oak savannas.
|elevation=0–150 m.
|distribution=Fla.;Ga.;N.C.;S.C.;Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Pl. Life Hartsville,
|publication year=1912
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_429.xml
|genus=Euphorbia
|section=Euphorbia sect. Alectoroctonum
|species=Euphorbia exserta
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Euphorbia sect. Alectoroctonum]]