View source for Dioscoreaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Dioscoreaceae
|accepted_authority=R. Brown
|publications=
|common_names=Yam Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dioscoreaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dioscoreaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 11, 12, 480
|treatment_page=page 479
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--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Vines </b>[herbs], geophytes perennating from fleshy rhizomes or tubers. <b>Stems</b> renewed annually or occasionally persisting for more than a single growing season, twining-climbing, procumbent, or seldom erect; vascular bundles commonly arranged in 2 concentric circles. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, opposite, or whorled at basal nodes; blades simple or occasionally digitately compound, typically cordate, reticulate-veined; principal veins arcuate, ascending from base to apex; margins entire or sometimes palmately lobed; stipules absent, rarely stipulate, never with tendrils; petioles typically with distinct pulvinus at each end. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, solitary or in fascicles of 2–7, branched and paniculate, or unbranched and spicate or racemose, ultimate inflorescence unit cymose, sessile or pedunculate, often reduced to 1 flower. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants, rarely staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant or bisexual; perianth epigynous, rotate, campanulate, or funnelform; tepals 6, petaloid, in 2 similar whorls of 3, connate at least basally; stamens 6, in 2 whorls of 3, inner whorl sometimes sterile or absent; filaments distinct [connate basally or completely into tube], inserted at base of perianth; anthers 2-locular, tetrasporangiate, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, thecae distinct or sometimes connate, rarely divided by a long-appendiculate connective; pistils 3; ovary (1–)3-locular, ovules anatropous, 2(–many) per locule, placentation axile or parietal; styles 3, ± distinct. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, rarely baccate or samarate, dehiscence loculicidal. <b>Seeds</b> flattened or globose, winged or unwinged, embryo small, endosperm copious, starchless.</span><!--

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|distribution=Pantropical;of both humid and arid regions;with few temperate outliers in Europe;Asia;and North America.
|discussion=<p>Genera (3–)7(–more than 20), species ca. 650 (1 genus, 6 species in the flora; 4 species introduced)</p><!--
--><p>Circumscription of the Dioscoreaceae remains controversial. A strict interpretation of the family, adhering to the original taxonomic concept of R. Brown, would include only Dioscorea Linnaeus (ca. 600 species), Tamus Linnaeus (5 species, Mediterranean), and Rajania Linnaeus (25 species, West Indies); recent systematic studies by L. R. Caddick et al. (2000) portray Dioscorea as subsuming the latter two genera. In its broad sense (I. H. Burkill 1960; L. R. Caddick et al. 2000; R. Knuth 1924), the family includes the bisexual genera Avetra H. Perrier (1 species, Madagascar), Trichopus Gaertner (1 species, Indo-Malaysia), and Stenomeris Planchon (2 species, Malaysia), each of which has also been recognized at the family level (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985; J. Hutchinson 1973; A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Tacca J. R. Forster & G. Forster (10 species, Malaysia; Taccaceae) is closely allied with Avetra and Trichopus, (L. R. Caddick et al. 2000) and the broadest interpretation of the Dioscoreaceae (adopted here) includes Tacca as well. Only Dioscorea is represented in the flora.</p><!--
--><p>Genera (3–)7(–more than 20), species ca. 650 (1 genus, 6 species in the flora</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ayensu1972a
|text=Ayensu, E. S. 1972. Dioscoreales. In: C. R. Metcalfe, ed. 1960+. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. 8+ vols. Oxford. Vol. 6.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=bouman1995a
|text=Bouman, F. 1995. Seed structure and systematics in Dioscoreales. In: P. J. Rudall et al., eds. 1995. Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. 2 vols. Kew. Vol. 1, pp. 139–156.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=burkill1960a
|text=Burkill, I. H. 1960. The organography and evolution of the Dioscoreaceae, the family of yams. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 56: 319–407.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=caddick1998a
|text=Caddick, L. R. et al. 1998. Microsporogenesis and pollen morphology in Dioscoreales and allied taxa. Grana 37: 321–336.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=caddick2000a
|text=Caddick, L. R. et al. 2000. Yams and their allies: Systematics of Dioscoreales. In: K. L. Wilson and D. A. Morrison, eds. 2000. Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. Melbourne. Pp. 475–487.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=coursey1967a
|text=Coursey, D. G. 1967. Yams: An Account of the Nature, Origins, Cultivation and Utilisation of the Useful Members of the Dioscoreaceae. London.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=huber1998a
|text=Huber, H. 1998. Dioscoreaceae. In: K. Kubitzky et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 4+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 3, pp. 216–235.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=knuth1924a
|text=Knuth, R. 1924. Dioscoreaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900–1953. Das Pflanzenreich…. 107 vols. Berlin. Vol. 87 [IV,43], pp. 1–387.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=queva1894a
|text=Queva, C. 1894. Recherches sur l’Anatomie de l’Appareil Vegetatif des Taccacées & Dioscorées. Lille.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=shehbaz1989a
|text=Shehbaz, I. A. and B. G. Schubert. 1989. The Dioscoreaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 70: 57–95.
}}
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Dioscoreaceae
|author=Lauren Raz
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Dioscoreaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Pantropical;of both humid and arid regions;with few temperate outliers in Europe;Asia;and North America.
|reference=ayensu1972a;bouman1995a;burkill1960a;caddick1998a;caddick2000a;coursey1967a;huber1998a;knuth1924a;queva1894a;shehbaz1989a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_1000.xml
}}<!--

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