Difference between revisions of "Centaurea nigrescens"
Sp. Pl. 3: 2288. 1803.
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|common_names=Tyrol or short-fringed or Vochin knapweed;centaurée noirâtre | |common_names=Tyrol or short-fringed or Vochin knapweed;centaurée noirâtre | ||
| + | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=I | ||
| + | |label=Introduced | ||
| + | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Centaurea dubia subsp. nigrescens | |name=Centaurea dubia subsp. nigrescens | ||
|authority=(Willdenow) Hayek | |authority=(Willdenow) Hayek | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Centaurea dubia subsp. vochinensis | |name=Centaurea dubia subsp. vochinensis | ||
|authority=(Bernhardi ex Reichenbach) Hayek | |authority=(Bernhardi ex Reichenbach) Hayek | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Centaurea jacea subsp. nigrescens | |name=Centaurea jacea subsp. nigrescens | ||
|authority=(Willdenow) Celakovsky | |authority=(Willdenow) Celakovsky | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Centaurea transalpina | |name=Centaurea transalpina | ||
|authority=Bernhardi ex Reichenbach | |authority=Bernhardi ex Reichenbach | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Centaurea vochinensis | |name=Centaurea vochinensis | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Centaurea;Centaurea nigrescens | |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Centaurea;Centaurea nigrescens | ||
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|elevation=0–1000 m | |elevation=0–1000 m | ||
|distribution=B.C.;Ont.;Que.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ill.;Ind.;Mass.;Mo.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe. | |distribution=B.C.;Ont.;Que.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ill.;Ind.;Mass.;Mo.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe. | ||
| + | |introduced=true | ||
|discussion=<p>Tyrol knapweed is considered to be a noxious weed in Washington and Oregon.</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Tyrol knapweed is considered to be a noxious weed in Washington and Oregon.</p><!-- | ||
--><p>In recent years there has been much controversy regarding the name(s) to be applied to the North American Tyrol knapweeds. The names <i>Centaurea</i> vochinensis, <i>C. nigrescens</i>, and C. dubia have all been used in twentieth-century North American floras, and J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham (1999) have accepted C. transalpina as well. R. J. Moore (1972) tentatively accepted two species, <i>C. nigrescens</i> and C. dubia, placing C. transalpina and C. vochinensis as synonyms through application beneath both species. Moore discussed the considerable similarities and practical difficulties of differentiating the taxa. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) recognized C. dubia as including <i>C. nigrescens</i> and C. vochinensis. E. G. Voss (1972–1996, vol. 3) recognized <i>C. nigrescens</i> as including C. dubia and C. vochinensis. Kartesz and Meacham accept <i>C. nigrescens</i> as a species, including C. vochinensis; they also accept C. transalpina with C. dubia as a synonym. In our investigation of the North American Tyrol knapweeds we have not been able to distinguish more than one (admittedly variable) entity. At the species level the correct name for this taxon is <i>Centaurea nigrescens</i>.</p><!-- | --><p>In recent years there has been much controversy regarding the name(s) to be applied to the North American Tyrol knapweeds. The names <i>Centaurea</i> vochinensis, <i>C. nigrescens</i>, and C. dubia have all been used in twentieth-century North American floras, and J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham (1999) have accepted C. transalpina as well. R. J. Moore (1972) tentatively accepted two species, <i>C. nigrescens</i> and C. dubia, placing C. transalpina and C. vochinensis as synonyms through application beneath both species. Moore discussed the considerable similarities and practical difficulties of differentiating the taxa. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) recognized C. dubia as including <i>C. nigrescens</i> and C. vochinensis. E. G. Voss (1972–1996, vol. 3) recognized <i>C. nigrescens</i> as including C. dubia and C. vochinensis. Kartesz and Meacham accept <i>C. nigrescens</i> as a species, including C. vochinensis; they also accept C. transalpina with C. dubia as a synonym. In our investigation of the North American Tyrol knapweeds we have not been able to distinguish more than one (admittedly variable) entity. At the species level the correct name for this taxon is <i>Centaurea nigrescens</i>.</p><!-- | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Centaurea nigrescens | name=Centaurea nigrescens | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Willdenow | |authority=Willdenow | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication title=Sp. Pl. | |publication title=Sp. Pl. | ||
|publication year=1803 | |publication year=1803 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Introduced |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_214.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae | ||
|genus=Centaurea | |genus=Centaurea | ||
Latest revision as of 20:50, 5 November 2020
Perennials, 30–150 cm. Stems 1–few, erect or ascending, openly branched distally, villous to scabrous with septate hairs and loosely tomentose, ± glabrate. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline, petiolate, blades oblanceolate or elliptic, 5–25 cm, margins entire or shallowly dentate to irregularly pinnately lobed; distal cauline sessile, not decurrent, blades linear to lanceolate, gradually smaller, entire or dentate. Heads radiant or discoid, in few-headed corymbiform arrays, borne on leafy-bracted peduncles. Involucres 15–18 mm, subcylindric to ovoid or campanulate, usually longer than wide, even when pressed. Principal phyllaries: bodies lanceolate to ovate, loosely tomentose or glabrous, usually not fully covered by narrow appendages, these erect, overlapping, dark brown to black, flat, margins pectinately dissected into 6–8 pairs of wiry lobes. Inner phyllaries: tips truncate, irregularly dentate or lobed. Florets 40–100+, all fertile or peripheral sterile; corollas purple (rarely white), those of sterile florets ± expanded and exceeding corollas of fertile florets, those of fertile florets 15–18 mm. Cypselae tan, 2.5–3 mm, finely hairy; pappi 0 or of many unequal, sometimes caducous bristles 0.5–1 mm. 2n = 22 (Hungary), 44 (Hungary; Italy).
Phenology: Flowering summer–fall (Jun–Oct).
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, waste areas
Elevation: 0–1000 m
Distribution
Introduced; B.C., Ont., Que., Calif., Conn., Del., Fla., Ill., Ind., Mass., Mo., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Europe.
Discussion
Tyrol knapweed is considered to be a noxious weed in Washington and Oregon.
In recent years there has been much controversy regarding the name(s) to be applied to the North American Tyrol knapweeds. The names Centaurea vochinensis, C. nigrescens, and C. dubia have all been used in twentieth-century North American floras, and J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham (1999) have accepted C. transalpina as well. R. J. Moore (1972) tentatively accepted two species, C. nigrescens and C. dubia, placing C. transalpina and C. vochinensis as synonyms through application beneath both species. Moore discussed the considerable similarities and practical difficulties of differentiating the taxa. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) recognized C. dubia as including C. nigrescens and C. vochinensis. E. G. Voss (1972–1996, vol. 3) recognized C. nigrescens as including C. dubia and C. vochinensis. Kartesz and Meacham accept C. nigrescens as a species, including C. vochinensis; they also accept C. transalpina with C. dubia as a synonym. In our investigation of the North American Tyrol knapweeds we have not been able to distinguish more than one (admittedly variable) entity. At the species level the correct name for this taxon is Centaurea nigrescens.
Centaurea dubia Suter, sometimes applied to plants that belong here, is not a valid name.
Selected References
None.