Difference between revisions of "Betula alleghaniensis"
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 166. 1904.
Common names: Yellow birch merisier bouleau jaune
EndemicIllustrated
Synonyms: Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax (Fassett) Brayshaw Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis (Fernald) Brayshaw Betula lutea Betula lutea var. macrolepis Fernald
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
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|name=Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax | |name=Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax | ||
|authority=(Fassett) Brayshaw | |authority=(Fassett) Brayshaw | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis | |name=Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis | ||
|authority=(Fernald) Brayshaw | |authority=(Fernald) Brayshaw | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula lutea | |name=Betula lutea | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula lutea var. macrolepis | |name=Betula lutea var. macrolepis | ||
|authority=Fernald | |authority=Fernald | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula alleghaniensis | |hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula alleghaniensis | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> to 30 m; trunks straight, crowns narrowly round. <b>Bark</b> of young trunks and branches dark reddish brown, in maturity tan, yellowish, or grayish, lustrous, smooth, irregularly exfoliating, or sometimes darkening and remaining close; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. <b>Twigs</b> with odor and taste of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually covered with small resinous glands. <b>Leaf</b> blade narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong with (9–)12–18 pairs of lateral veins, 6–10 × 3–5.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate or cordate, margins sharply doubly serrate, teeth coarse, rather irregular, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands. <b>Infructescences</b> erect, ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2.5 cm, generally remaining intact after release of fruits in late fall; scales sparsely to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging proximal to middle, central lobe tapering to narrow tip, lateral lobes ascending or partially extended, broader, rounded. <b>Samaras</b> with wings narrower than body, broadest near summit, not or only slightly extended beyond body apically. <b>2n</b> = 84.</span><!-- |
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|habitat=Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes | |habitat=Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes | ||
|elevation=0–500 m | |elevation=0–500 m | ||
| − | |distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis. | + | |distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis. |
| − | |discussion=<p>Betula alleghaniensis is a characteristic tree of the northern Appalachians and the hemlock hardwoods forest of the Great Lakes region. It was formerly widely known by the illegitimate (superfluous) name B. lutea F. Michaux.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p><i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> is a characteristic tree of the northern Appalachians and the hemlock hardwoods forest of the Great Lakes region. It was formerly widely known by the illegitimate (superfluous) name B. lutea F. Michaux.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Native Americans used Betula alleghaniensis medicinally as an emetic or cathartic, to remove bile from intestines, as a blood purifier, as a wash for "Italian itch," and as a diuretic (D. E. Moerman, as Betula lutea).</p><!-- | + | --><p>Native Americans used <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> medicinally as an emetic or cathartic, to remove bile from intestines, as a blood purifier, as a wash for "Italian itch," and as a diuretic (D. E. Moerman, as <i>Betula</i> lutea).</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Betula alleghaniensis is very closely related to B. lenta, which it resembles in many features (T. L. Sharik and R. H. Ford 1984). A distinctive feature is usually its freely exfoliating bark, although in certain populations the bark remains close and dark (B. P. Dancik 1969; B. P. Dancik and B. V. Barnes 1971).</p><!-- | + | --><p><i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> is very closely related to <i>B. lenta</i>, which it resembles in many features (T. L. Sharik and R. H. Ford 1984). A distinctive feature is usually its freely exfoliating bark, although in certain populations the bark remains close and dark (B. P. Dancik 1969; B. P. Dancik and B. V. Barnes 1971).</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B. papyrifera Marshall has seldom been reported, but it may actually be more common than realized in the northeastern states. In most features it is intermediate between the parents (B. V. Barnes et al. 1974).</p><!-- | + | --><p><i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> Britton × <i>B. papyrifera</i> Marshall has seldom been reported, but it may actually be more common than realized in the northeastern states. In most features it is intermediate between the parents (B. V. Barnes et al. 1974).</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Betula ×purpusii Schneider (= Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B. pumila Linnaeus, 2n = 70) is a rather common hybrid wherever the parent species occur together. The large shrubby plants show strikingly intermediate leaf characteristics.</p> | + | --><p><i>Betula</i> ×purpusii Schneider (= <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> Britton × <i>B. pumila</i> Linnaeus, 2n = 70) is a rather common hybrid wherever the parent species occur together. The large shrubby plants show strikingly intermediate leaf characteristics.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
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name=Betula alleghaniensis | name=Betula alleghaniensis | ||
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|authority=Britton | |authority=Britton | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|habitat=Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes | |habitat=Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes | ||
|elevation=0–500 m | |elevation=0–500 m | ||
| − | |distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis. | + | |distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis. |
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club | |publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club | ||
|publication year=1904 | |publication year=1904 | ||
| − | |special status=Endemic; | + | |special status=Endemic;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_460.xml |
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | ||
|genus=Betula | |genus=Betula | ||
|species=Betula alleghaniensis | |species=Betula alleghaniensis | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:48, 5 November 2020
Trees, to 30 m; trunks straight, crowns narrowly round. Bark of young trunks and branches dark reddish brown, in maturity tan, yellowish, or grayish, lustrous, smooth, irregularly exfoliating, or sometimes darkening and remaining close; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs with odor and taste of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually covered with small resinous glands. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong with (9–)12–18 pairs of lateral veins, 6–10 × 3–5.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate or cordate, margins sharply doubly serrate, teeth coarse, rather irregular, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect, ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2.5 cm, generally remaining intact after release of fruits in late fall; scales sparsely to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging proximal to middle, central lobe tapering to narrow tip, lateral lobes ascending or partially extended, broader, rounded. Samaras with wings narrower than body, broadest near summit, not or only slightly extended beyond body apically. 2n = 84.
Phenology: Flowering late spring.
Habitat: Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes
Elevation: 0–500 m
Distribution
St. Pierre and Miquelon, N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Conn., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
Discussion
Betula alleghaniensis is a characteristic tree of the northern Appalachians and the hemlock hardwoods forest of the Great Lakes region. It was formerly widely known by the illegitimate (superfluous) name B. lutea F. Michaux.
Native Americans used Betula alleghaniensis medicinally as an emetic or cathartic, to remove bile from intestines, as a blood purifier, as a wash for "Italian itch," and as a diuretic (D. E. Moerman, as Betula lutea).
Betula alleghaniensis is very closely related to B. lenta, which it resembles in many features (T. L. Sharik and R. H. Ford 1984). A distinctive feature is usually its freely exfoliating bark, although in certain populations the bark remains close and dark (B. P. Dancik 1969; B. P. Dancik and B. V. Barnes 1971).
Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B. papyrifera Marshall has seldom been reported, but it may actually be more common than realized in the northeastern states. In most features it is intermediate between the parents (B. V. Barnes et al. 1974).
Betula ×purpusii Schneider (= Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B. pumila Linnaeus, 2n = 70) is a rather common hybrid wherever the parent species occur together. The large shrubby plants show strikingly intermediate leaf characteristics.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.