View source for Athyrium filix-femina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Athyrium filix-femina
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Roth ex Mertens
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Arch. Bot. (Leipzig)
|place=2(1): 106. 1799
|year=1799
}}
|common_names=Lady fern;athyrie fougère-femelle
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Polypodium filix-femina
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 1090. 1753
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dryopteridaceae;Athyrium;Athyrium filix-femina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dryopteridaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Athyrium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Athyrium filix-femina]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>short-creeping or ascending. <b>Petiole</b> straw-colored distally, 7–60 cm, base dark red-brown or black, swollen, with 2 rows of teeth; scales light to dark brown, linear- to ovate-lanceolate, 7–20 × 1–5 mm. <b>Blade</b> elliptic, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, 18–30 × 5–50 cm, herbaceous but with cartilaginous margin, narrowed to base, apex acuminate. <b>Pinnae</b> sessile to short-stalked, linear-oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate. <b>Pinnules</b> pinnatifid, segments oblong-linear to narrowly deltate, margins serrate. <b>Rachis</b>, costae, and costules glabrous or with glands or hairs. <b>Veins</b> pinnate. <b>Sori</b> straight, hooked at distal end, or horseshoe-shaped; indusia dentate or ciliate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p><i>Athyrium filix-femina</i> is circumboreal, and this or closely related species extend into Mexico, Central America, and South America. The delimitation and infraspecific classification of <i>A. filix-femina</i> need detailed study.</p><!--
--><p>Varieties ca. 5 (4 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petiole scales more than 1 cm; blades ca. 2 times length of petioles, elliptic to oblanceolate.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petiole scales 1 cm or less; blades 1-1.5 times length of petioles, elliptic to lanceolate.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Pinnules narrowly deltate or oblong-lanceolate, nearly equilateral at base; indusia long-ciliate; spores yellow.
|[[Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum|Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Pinnules linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, inequilateral at base; indusia dentate or long-ciliate; spores brown.
|[[Athyrium filix-femina var. californicum|Athyrium filix-femina var. californicum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petiole scales brown to dark brown; blades elliptic, narrowed to base, broadest near or just below middle; pinnae sessile or short-stalked; pinnules linear to oblong; indusia not glandular; spores yellow.
|[[Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum|Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petiole scales light brown to brown; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, slightly narrowed to base, broadest just above base; pinnae usually stalked; pinnules oblong-lanceolate to narrowly deltate; indusia glandular or not; spores dark brown.
|[[Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides|Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Athyrium filix-femina
|authority=(Linnaeus) Roth ex Mertens
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Polypodium filix-femina
|family=Dryopteridaceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Arch. Bot. (Leipzig)
|publication year=1799
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_40.xml
|genus=Athyrium
|species=Athyrium filix-femina
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Athyrium]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]