FNA>Volume Importer |
FNA>Volume Importer |
| Line 33: |
Line 33: |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb orientation;herb orientation;herb orientation;herb some measurement"><b>Herbs,</b> erect to decumbent, to 0.6 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem life cycle;stem shape;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Young </b>stem ridged, glabrous to hispid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole some measurement"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole 0.5-3.5 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;base shape;base shape;base shape;sinus some measurement;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade lanceolate to ovate, 5-15 × 1-5 cm, base truncate to cordate, sinus depth 0-1.5 cm, apex acute to acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="">surfaces abaxially glabrous or hispid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface architecture or shape">venation pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>from base of stem, an additional flower in axil of stem-leaf, racemes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="peduncle architecture;peduncle some measurement">peduncle bracteolate, to 1.5 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole shape;bracteole some measurement">bracteoles lanceolate, to 3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="calyx coloration or density;calyx shape"><b>Flowers:</b> calyx brown-purple, bent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="utricle orientation;utricle shape;utricle shape;utricle shape;utricle some measurement">utricle pendent, pear-shaped to ovoid, 0.5-5 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="syrinx presence;syrinx shape;syrinx some measurement;syrinx orientation or shape">syrinx present, ringlike, 1 mm, oblique;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="tube shape;tube shape;tube some measurement">tube bent, cylindric, 1 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="annulus architecture or pubescence or relief">annulus smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="limb coloration;limb shape;lobe length;lobe width;lobe pubescence">limb purplish brown, 3-lobed, lobes 0.5 × 0.5 cm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="gynostemium shape;gynostemium shape;gynostemium shape;gynostemium shape;gynostemium some measurement">gynostemium 3-lobed, globose to crown-shaped, 1.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary some measurement">ovary 3-locular, to 1.5 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="capsule shape;capsule dehiscence;capsule dehiscence;capsule development"><b>Capsule </b>globose, 0.8-2 × 1-2 cm, dehiscence basipetal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="valve quantity">valves 6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="septum presence">septa absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed shape;seed shape;seed length;seed width;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Seeds </b>rounded, ovate, 0.5 × 0.4 cm. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> erect to decumbent, to 0.6 m. <b>Young</b> stem ridged, glabrous to hispid. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole 0.5-3.5 cm. <b>Leaf</b> blade lanceolate to ovate, 5-15 × 1-5 cm, base truncate to cordate, sinus depth 0-1.5 cm, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or hispid; venation pinnate. <b>Inflorescences</b> from base of stem, an additional flower in axil of stem leaf, racemes; peduncle bracteolate, to 1.5 cm; bracteoles lanceolate, to 3 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: calyx brown-purple, bent; utricle pendent, pear-shaped to ovoid, 0.5-5 cm; syrinx present, ringlike, 1 mm, oblique; tube bent, cylindric, 1 cm; annulus smooth; limb purplish brown, 3-lobed, lobes 0.5 × 0.5 cm, glabrous; gynostemium 3-lobed, globose to crown-shaped, 1.5 mm; anthers 6; ovary 3-locular, to 1.5 cm. <b>Capsule</b> globose, 0.8-2 × 1-2 cm, dehiscence basipetal; valves 6; septa absent. <b>Seeds</b> rounded, ovate, 0.5 × 0.4 cm. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!-- |
| | | | |
| | -->{{Treatment/Body | | -->{{Treatment/Body |
| Line 66: |
Line 66: |
| | |publication year=1753 | | |publication year=1753 |
| | |special status=Endemic | | |special status=Endemic |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_1115.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1115.xml |
| | |genus=Aristolochia | | |genus=Aristolochia |
| | |species=Aristolochia serpentaria | | |species=Aristolochia serpentaria |
| − | |2n chromosome quantity=28
| |
| − | |annulus architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |anther quantity=6
| |
| − | |apex shape=acute;acuminate
| |
| − | |base shape=truncate;cordate
| |
| − | |bracteole shape=lanceolate
| |
| − | |bracteole some measurement=0mm;3mm
| |
| − | |calyx coloration or density=brown-purple
| |
| − | |calyx shape=bent
| |
| − | |capsule dehiscence=1cm;2cm
| |
| − | |capsule development=basipetal
| |
| − | |capsule shape=globose
| |
| − | |flower quantity=additional
| |
| − | |gynostemium shape=globose;crown-shaped
| |
| − | |gynostemium some measurement=1.5
| |
| − | |herb orientation=erect;decumbent
| |
| − | |herb some measurement=0m;0.6m
| |
| − | |leaf-blade length=5cm;15cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade shape=lanceolate;ovate
| |
| − | |leaf-blade width=1cm;5cm
| |
| − | |limb coloration=purplish brown
| |
| − | |limb shape=3-lobed
| |
| − | |lobe length=0.5
| |
| − | |lobe pubescence=glabrous
| |
| − | |lobe width=0.5
| |
| − | |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
| |
| − | |ovary some measurement=0cm;1.5cm
| |
| − | |peduncle architecture=bracteolate
| |
| − | |peduncle some measurement=0cm;1.5cm
| |
| − | |petiole some measurement=0.5cm;3.5cm
| |
| − | |seed length=0.5
| |
| − | |seed shape=ovate;rounded
| |
| − | |seed width=0.4
| |
| − | |septum presence=absent
| |
| − | |sinus some measurement=0cm;1.5cm
| |
| − | |stem life cycle=young
| |
| − | |stem pubescence=glabrous;hispid
| |
| − | |stem shape=ridged
| |
| − | |surface architecture or shape=pinnate
| |
| − | |surface pubescence=hispid;glabrous
| |
| − | |syrinx orientation or shape=oblique
| |
| − | |syrinx presence=absent
| |
| − | |syrinx shape=ringlike
| |
| − | |syrinx some measurement=1
| |
| − | |tube shape=cylindric;bent
| |
| − | |tube some measurement=1
| |
| − | |utricle orientation=pendent
| |
| − | |utricle shape=pear-shaped;ovoid
| |
| − | |utricle some measurement=0.5cm;5cm
| |
| − | |valve quantity=6
| |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Aristolochia]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Aristolochia]] |
Herbs, erect to decumbent, to 0.6 m. Young stem ridged, glabrous to hispid. Leaves: petiole 0.5-3.5 cm. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, 5-15 × 1-5 cm, base truncate to cordate, sinus depth 0-1.5 cm, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or hispid; venation pinnate. Inflorescences from base of stem, an additional flower in axil of stem leaf, racemes; peduncle bracteolate, to 1.5 cm; bracteoles lanceolate, to 3 mm. Flowers: calyx brown-purple, bent; utricle pendent, pear-shaped to ovoid, 0.5-5 cm; syrinx present, ringlike, 1 mm, oblique; tube bent, cylindric, 1 cm; annulus smooth; limb purplish brown, 3-lobed, lobes 0.5 × 0.5 cm, glabrous; gynostemium 3-lobed, globose to crown-shaped, 1.5 mm; anthers 6; ovary 3-locular, to 1.5 cm. Capsule globose, 0.8-2 × 1-2 cm, dehiscence basipetal; valves 6; septa absent. Seeds rounded, ovate, 0.5 × 0.4 cm. 2n = 28.
Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat: Mesic forests
Elevation: 50-1300 m
Distribution
Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.
Discussion
Inflorescences of Aristolochia serpentaria often bear closed flowers that appear to be cleistogamous. Leaf shape varies greatly between populations, especially with regard to leaf width and size of basal lobes. This variability is especially interesting because eastern pipe-vine swallowtail butterflies, Battus philenor philenor (Linnaeus), use leaf shape as a search image when looking for Aristolochia leaves on which to lay their eggs.
The dried rhizome, called Virginia snakeroot or serpentary, is a popular herbal tonic. In small doses, it is a gastric stimulant and diuretic. Large doses can cause violent gastric distress and respiratory paralysis (J. A. Duke 1985). The rhizome contains aristolochic acid and trimethyl amine, both potential carcinogens.
Several Native American tribes used Aristolochia serpentaria for diverse medicinal purposes, including treatment of rheumatism, various pains, obstructions, worms, toothaches, sore throats, fever, sore noses, and colds, as a tonic, and mixed with saliva for snake bites (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.
