View source for Aphanostephus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Aphanostephus
|accepted_authority=de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|place=5: 310. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|common_names=Lazydaisy
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Keerlia de
|authority=Candolle
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Aphanostephus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Aphanostephus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek aphanes, obscure, and stephanos, crown, apparently alluding to low coronal pappus of some species
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 11, 16, 257
|treatment_page=page 351
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or perennials, 5–50 cm; taprooted. <b>Stems</b> erect to decumbent or ascending, deflexed proximally, branched, usually spreading-hairy distally (hairs soft to stiff). <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; alternate; sessile or petiolate; blades 1-nerved, broadly oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or pinnatifid, faces loosely strigose to hirsute. <b>Heads</b> radiate, borne singly (terminal). <b>Involucres</b> broadly to depressed-hemispheric, 3.5–8 × 4–10 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> 25–50 in 3–4 series, 1-nerved (midnerves barely evident; not keeled), unequal to subequal, appressed (not reflexing after release of cypselae), ovate-lanceolate, margins broadly scarious, faces strigose or hirsute to hispid. <b>Receptacles</b> conic, pitted, epaleate. <b>Ray</b> florets 10–75 (in 1–2 series), pistillate, fertile; corollas abaxially with broad, purplish midstripe, adaxially white, (closing distally at night, not coiling at maturity). <b>Disc</b> florets 25–400, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow (with orange resin ducts), tubes shorter than tubular to funnelform throats (tubes or limbs sometimes swollen and indurate at maturity), lobes 5, erect, deltate; style-branch appendages deltate. <b>Cypselae</b> angular-columnar, usually 4-angled, sometimes subterete (thick-walled), 4–12-thick-ribbed (usually cupped apically), faces usually sparsely strigose (duplex hairs with coiled or recurved apices), sometimes glabrous; pappi 0 or persistent, of tan, basally connate scales, or coroniform (indurate, cupuliform, often ciliate- or lacerate, sometimes scaly), or acute or awn-tipped scales or setiform scales in 1 series. <b>x</b> = 5 (4, 3 derived).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;n Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Aphanostephus</i> is distinguished from other white-rayed Astereae by its combination of ovate-lanceolate, scarious-margined phyllaries, conic receptacles, usually thick-ribbed, columnar, 4-angled cypselae often bearing duplex hairs with coiled or recurved apices, reduced pappi, and low chromosome number(s). B. L. Turner (1984) emphasized characters of achenial vestiture and chromosome numbers to reduce the number of species from the 11 recognized by L. H. Shinners (1946). Cypsela hairs must be examined with a dissecting microscope to determine their morphology. Leaves may be highly variable in size, shape, and insertion within species, from 15–50 mm, entire to deeply lobed or pinnatifid, and non-clasping to clasping or subclasping.</p><!--
--><p><i>Aphanostephus</i> was hypothesized to be closely related to <i>Townsendia</i>, <i>Astranthium</i>, and a group of Southern Hemisphere genera (subtribe Brachyscominae) on the basis of various morphologic features (G. L. Nesom 1994). In contrast, molecular data (D. R. Morgan 1990; M. A. Lane et al. 1996; R. D. Noyes 2000; Noyes and L. H. Rieseberg 1999) indicate that <i>Aphanostephus</i> has arisen from within the Conyzinae, apparently as the sister group to the E. bellioides de Candolle group of <i>Erigeron</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=elisens1992a
|text=Elisens, W. J., R. D. Boyd, and A. D. Wolfe. 1992. Genetic and morphological divergence among varieties of Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (Asteraceae–Astereae) and related species with different chromosome numbers. Syst. Bot. 17: 380–394.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=shinners1946d
|text=Shinners, L. H. 1946. Revision of the genus Aphanostephus DC. Wrightia 1: 95–121.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=turner1984a
|text=Turner, B. L. 1984. Taxonomy of the genus Aphanostephus (Asteraceae–Astereae). Phytologia 56: 81–101.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cypsela hairs either 1-directionally apically coiled or glochidiate (cells abruptly reflexed in opposite directions, forming prong); annuals or perennials
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cypsela hairs apically straight; annuals
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Annuals; bases of disc corollas bulbous-swollen (mature); cypsela hairs apically 1-directionally coiled; pappi usually coroniform, uneven, rarely of acute to awn-tipped scales 0.2–2 mm
|[[Aphanostephus skirrhobasis|Aphanostephus skirrhobasis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennials; bases of disc corollas not conspicuously swollen; cypsela hairs apically glochidiate; pappi coroniform, minutely ciliate or lacerate, 0.1–0.3 mm
|[[Aphanostephus riddellii|Aphanostephus riddellii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Vestiture sparsely hispido-pilose, stem hairs spreading at right angles, thick-based, straight, 0.6–2.4 mm; ray florets 13–21
|[[Aphanostephus pilosus|Aphanostephus pilosus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Vestiture puberulent, stem hairs spreading to deflexed, thin-based, 0.2–0.6 mm; ray florets 26–35
|[[Aphanostephus ramosissimus|Aphanostephus ramosissimus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Aphanostephus
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Keerlia de
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|distribution=United States;n Mexico.
|reference=elisens1992a;shinners1946d;turner1984a
|publication title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication year=1836
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_807.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Aphanostephus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]