View source for Abutilon

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Abutilon
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 1. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Indian-mallow
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Malvaceae;Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae;Abutilon
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Malvaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Abutilon]]</div></div>
|etymology=probably Arabic abu, father of, and Persian tula or tulha, mallow
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 217, 221, 226, 239
|treatment_page=page 220
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Subshrubs,</b> shrubs, or herbs. <b>Stems</b> erect, sometimes trailing (<i>A. parvulum</i>) or procumbent or ascending (<i>A. wrightii</i>), glabrescent or pubescent, sometimes viscid (<i>A. hirtum</i>, <i>A. reventum</i>, <i>A. trisulcatum</i>). <b>Leaves</b>: stipules usually persistent, subulate, lanceolate, or filiform; blade elliptic, ovate, [cordiform], sometimes shallowly lobed, but not maplelike [sometimes umbellate]; involucel absent. <b>Flowers</b>: calyx not accrescent (except <i>A. hulseanum</i>, <i>A. hypoleucum</i>, <i>A. palmeri</i>, and <i>A. wrightii</i>), not inflated, not completely enclosing fruit, lobes not ribbed, lanceolate, ovate, cordate, or acuminate; corolla usually yellow or orange, less often pinkish, sometimes with dark red center; staminal column included or exserted; ovules 3(–6) per carpel; style 5–25-branched; stigmas sometimes black, capitate. <b>Fruits</b> schizocarps, erect, not inflated, globose, ovoid, oblate, cask-shaped, or cylindric, usually not indurate, variably hairy but not setose; mericarps 5–25, 1-celled follicle, adherent to adjacent mericarps and persistent on their axes, without dorsal spur, apex usually acute or acuminate to spinescent, sometimes rounded or obtuse, abaxially dehiscent. <b>Seeds</b> usually 3–6 per mericarp, usually turbinate, puberulent or scabridulous. <b>x</b> = 7, 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 160 (18 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Abutilon</i> is mostly tropical and subtropical with relatively few species reaching into fully temperate climates.</p><!--
--><p>The South American native <i>Abutilon</i> megapotamicum (A. Sprengel) A. Saint-Hilaire & Naudin (= A. vexillarium E. Morren) is sometimes grown as a basket plant in colder regions and perhaps in the open in frost-free areas; it is not naturalized in the flora area. Another South American species, A. striatum Dickson ex Lindley [= A. pictum (Gillies ex Hooker) Walpers], has been widely introduced elsewhere as an ornamental and is naturalized in some tropical countries. This species is grown in North American gardens as a perennial in warmer climates and an annual in colder ones, but is not known to be naturalized in the flora area. <i>Abutilon</i> indicum (Linnaeus) Sweet has been said to be naturalized in southern Florida (L. H. Bailey et al. 1976); its occurrence in the flora area has not been substantiated. This species has an Indo-Australian origin (J. van Borssum Waalkes 1966) and is naturalized in the West Indies. <i>Abutilon</i> grandifolium (Willdenow) Sweet is sometimes cultivated and may escape.</p><!--
--><p>Outside North America, plants of <i>Abutilon</i> may be arborescent, and their corollas may be of other colors although yellow or yellow-orange predominates.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=fryxell1983a
|text=Fryxell, J. E. 1983. A revision of Abutilon sect. Oligocarpae (Malvaceae), including a new species from Mexico. Madroño 30: 84–92.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fryxell2002a
|text=Fryxell, P. A. 2002. An Abutilon nomenclator. Lundellia 5: 79–118.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kearney1955a
|text=Kearney, T. H. 1955. A tentative key to the North American species of Abutilon Miller. Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 241–254.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles 5-branched
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles 6–25-branched
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems trailing; leaf blades sparsely pubescent, surface visible; flowers solitary; petals pinkish, without dark center.
|[[Abutilon parvulum|Abutilon parvulum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Calyces 5–8 mm; corollas rotate, petals 9–15 mm, yellow, without dark center; leaf blade margins sharply serrate
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Calyces 3–5 mm; corollas often reflexed, petals 4–6 mm, yellow or pink, often with dark center; leaf blade margins irregularly crenate-serrate
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyces 5–6 mm, lobes fully reflexed in fruit; petals 10–15 mm; inflorescences open panicles or solitary flowers.
|[[Abutilon coahuilae|Abutilon coahuilae]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyces 6–8 mm, lobes erect in fruit; petals 9–15 mm; inflorescences compact panicles.
|[[Abutilon malacum|Abutilon malacum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Young stems terete, minutely tomentulose; fruits cask-shaped, not medially constricted
|[[Abutilon incanum|Abutilon incanum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Young stems 3-sulcate, often viscid in inflorescence; fruits subcylindric, medially constricted.
|[[Abutilon trisulcatum|Abutilon trisulcatum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems pubescent and with simple hairs 2–5 mm
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems viscid; corollas orange-yellow with dark red center; styles 20–25-branched
|[[Abutilon hirtum|Abutilon hirtum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems not viscid; corollas pale yellow or yellow-orange without red center; styles 6–12-branched
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petals 20 mm, yellowish, fading pinkish; seeds 4–6 per mericarp
|[[Abutilon hulseanum|Abutilon hulseanum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petals 5–12 mm, yellowish or yellow-orange, not fading pinkish; seeds 3 per mericarp
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blades 10–20 cm; inflorescences paniculate; petals 5–8 mm; styles 8–10-branched.
|[[Abutilon mollicomum|Abutilon mollicomum]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blades 2.5–6.5 cm; inflorescences solitary flowers; petals 8–12 mm; styles 6–8-branched.
|[[Abutilon parishii|Abutilon parishii]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Apices of mericarps spinose.
|[[Abutilon theophrasti|Abutilon theophrasti]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Apices of mericarps not spinose (obtuse, rounded, acute, acuminate, or apiculate)
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Plants procumbent or ascending, to 0.5 m; leaf blades 1.5–4 cm, ± as long as wide, markedly discolorous; styles 6–9-branched.
|[[Abutilon wrightii|Abutilon wrightii]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Plants erect, 0.5–2 m; leaf blades 2–12(–20) cm, often longer than wide, concolorous or discolorous; styles 6–15-branched
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Styles 13–15-branched; calyx lobes broadly cordate, often 8–20+ mm wide, accrescent in fruit.
|[[Abutilon hypoleucum|Abutilon hypoleucum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Styles 6–12-branched; calyx lobes cordate, lanceolate-ovate, or acuminate, to 8 mm wide, little if at all accrescent
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Calyces 3–6 mm
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Calyces 8–15(–20) mm
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Styles 6–9-branched; mericarp apices acute or apiculate; stems stellate-tomentulose; leaf blades ± concolorous.
|[[Abutilon fruticosum|Abutilon fruticosum]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Styles 10-branched; mericarp apices rounded or obtuse; stems minutely glandular-pubescent to glabrate; leaf blades strongly discolorous.
|[[Abutilon reventum|Abutilon reventum]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaf blades roughly pubescent; styles 8–10-branched
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaf blades softly tomentose; styles 10–12-branched
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Stems without glandular hairs; seeds reticulately scabridulous; calyx basally truncate.
|[[Abutilon abutiloides|Abutilon abutiloides]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Stems with glandular and stellate hairs intermixed; seeds uniformly puberulent; calyx basally cuneate.
|[[Abutilon berlandieri|Abutilon berlandieri]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaf blades ± as wide as long; petals 20–25 mm; stems stellate-pubescent and sometimes with simple hairs 1–2 mm.
|[[Abutilon palmeri|Abutilon palmeri]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaf blades ca. 2 times as long as wide; petals 10–18 mm; stems stellate-pubescent.
|[[Abutilon permolle|Abutilon permolle]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Abutilon
|author=Paul A. Fryxell†;Steven R. Hill
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Malvaceae
|distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|reference=fryxell1983a;fryxell2002a;kearney1955a
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_387.xml
|subfamily=Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae
|genus=Abutilon
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]