Picea rubens
Silva 12: 33, plate 597. 1898.
Trees to 40m; trunk to 1m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark gray-brown to reddish-brown. Branches horizontally spreading; twigs not pendent, rather stout, yellowbrown, densely pubescent to glabrate. Buds reddish-brown, 5–8mm, apex acute. Leaves 0.8–2.5 (–3) cm, 4-angled in cross-section, somewhat flexuous, yellow-green to dark green, not glaucous, bearing stomates on all surfaces, apex mostly acute to sharp-pointed. Seed-cones 2.3–4.5 (–5) cm; scales broadly fan-shaped, broadest near apex, 8–12 × 8–12mm, stiff, margin at apex entire to irregularly toothed. 2n =24.
Habitat: Upper montane to subalpine forests
Elevation: 0–2000m
Distribution
St. Pierre and Miquelon, N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Conn., Maine, Md., Mass., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Pa., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va.
Discussion
Throughout the Appalachians, trees of Picea rubens are dying, possibly as a consequence of environmental pollution. In eastern Canada this species hybridizes to a limited extent with P. mariana (A.G. Gordon 1976).
Red spruce (Picea rubens) is the provincial tree of Nova Scotia.