Cymbalaria muralis
B. Meyer & Scherbius, Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2: 397. 1800.
Distribution
Introduced; B.C., Man., N.B., Ont., Que., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Ill., Ind., Ky., Mass., Md., Mich., Mo., N.C., N.J., Nebr., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Va., Vt., W.Va., Wash., Wis., Europe, introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia.
Discussion
Subspecies 3 (1 in the flora).
With its five- to nine-lobed leaves and glabrous stems and leaves, Cymbalaria muralis is distinctive within Cymbalaria. Three subspecies are recognized; only subsp. muralis occurs in North America (D. A. Sutton 1988); it is distributed widely throughout the world. Subspecies visianii (Kümmerle ex Jávorka) D. A. Webb and subsp. pubescens (J. Presl & C. Presl) D. A. Webb occur in Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. The pedicels of C. muralis elongate and recurve during fruit maturation, which results in significant amounts of short-range seed dispersal (T. Junghans and E. Fischer 2007).
Selected References
None.