Thalictrum occidentale
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 372. 1873.
Roots yellow to medium brown or black, thin, fibrous. Stems erect, 30-100(-120) dm, glabrous, often from well-developed rhizomes. Leaves mostly cauline. Leaf blade 3-4×-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate-cuneate or cordate, apically 3-lobed, 10-30 mm wide, lobe margins coarsely crenate, surfaces glabrous to glandular. Inflorescences terminal (some flowers in axils of distal leaves), panicles, rather open, many flowered. Flowers: sepals whitish or greenish or purplish tinged, ovate, 3.5-4.4 mm in staminate flowers, 1.5-2 mm in pistillate flowers; filaments purplish, 4-10 mm; anthers 1.5-4 mm, long-apiculate; stigma often purplish. Achenes 6-9, spreading to reflexed, short-stipitate; stipe 0.4-1.2 mm; body fusiform, not laterally compressed, (4-)6-9(-10) mm, tapering at both ends, glandular, strongly 3-veined on each side, veins not anastomosing; beak 3-4.5(-6) mm.
Phenology: Flowering early summer-mid summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat: Open woods, meadows, and copses
Elevation: 200-3400 m
Distribution
Alta., B.C., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N.Dak., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo.
Discussion
Thalictrum occidentale is similar to T. confine and T. venulosum; thorough field studies are needed to determine whether or not they should be maintained as separate species. Thalictrum occidentale can usually be distinguished by its reflexed achenes.
Plants of northern British Columbia, sometimes called Thalictrum occidentale var. breitungii (B. Boivin) Brayshaw, appear to be intermediate between T. occidentale and T. venulosum (T. C. Brayshaw, pers. comm.); achenes are ascending, ± compressed, and beaks rather short (2-4 mm) (T. C. Brayshaw 1989).
Some of the Native Americans used Thalictrum occidentale medicinally for headaches, eye trouble, and sore legs, to loosen phlem, and to improve blood circulation (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.