Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, sometimes nearly arborescent, perennial, glabrous or pubescent, rarely glandular; taproot woody. Stems matted to spreading, decumbent, or erect, infrequently absent, with or without persistent leaf bases, glabrous or variously pubescent or glandular; caudex stems woody, tightly compact to spreading and at or just below surface, or spreading to erect and above surface; aerial flowering stems arising at nodes of caudex branches, at distal nodes of aerial branches, or directly from root, prostrate or decumbent to erect, slender to stout and usually solid, infrequently slightly to distinctly fistulose and hollow. Leaves basal, sometimes in rosettes, sometimes sheathing up stems, cauline, or basal and cauline, 1 per node or fasciculate on flowering stems, at tips of dwarf branches, or on exposed woody caudices, usually persistent, occasionally persistent through growing season or longer, rarely quickly deciduous; blade glabrous or floccose to tomentose, occasionally also glandular. Inflorescences cymose, cymose-umbellate, umbellate, virgate, or racemose, mostly spreading and open to diffuse, sometimes dense, congested, or compact, sometimes reduced and in subumbellate, subcapitate, or capitate heads or reduced to a single terminal involucre; branches open to diffuse, spreading to erect, usually dichotomously branched except for initial trichotomous node, round and smooth, rarely grooved, angled, or ridged, tomentose to floccose or glabrous, occasionally lanate or glandular, rarely scabrellous; bracts usually 3, connate basally, usually scalelike, sometimes semileaflike or leaflike. Peduncles absent or erect, usually stout. Involucres 1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–)5–6(–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers bisexual or, infrequently, unisexual, not attenuate at base, without stipelike base (except for slightly winged stipelike bases in E. saxatile and E. crocatum); perianth various shades of white, yellow, pink, or red, glabrous, glandular, or variously pubescent abaxially, usually glabrous adaxially except for minute glands and a few scattered hairs; tepals connate only basally or in proximal 1/2, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, sometimes included; filaments variously pubescent but usually pilose proximally, infrequently glabrous. Achenes light to dark brown, not winged (but nearly so in E. saxatile), 3-gonous, glabrous, occasionally with minutely papillate beak. Seeds: embryo curved.

Distribution

w North America (including nw Mexico), mainly arid regions.

Discussion

Species 107 (101 in the flora).

Species of subg. Eucycla not accounted for in this treatment are: Eriogonum encelioides Reveal & C. A. Hanson, E. fastigiatum Parry, E. molle Greene, E. orcuttianum S. Watson, E. pondii Greene, and E. zapatoense Moran. All are native to Baja California, Mexico.

The keys to species for subg. Eucycla are broken into geographic regions to aid in identification. They are: California (key 1, p. 225); British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington (key 2, p. 228); Nevada and Utah (key 3, p. 231); Arizona and New Mexico (key 4, p. 237); Alberta, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming (key 5, p. 239); and Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Great Plains states, and Texas (key 6, p. 242).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Eriogonum acaule, Eriogonum ammophilum, Eriogonum anemophilum, Eriogonum apricum, Eriogonum arborescens, Eriogonum aretioides, Eriogonum argophyllum, Eriogonum artificis, Eriogonum batemanii, Eriogonum bicolor, Eriogonum brandegeei, Eriogonum breedlovei, Eriogonum brevicaule, Eriogonum butterworthianum, Eriogonum chrysops, Eriogonum cinereum, Eriogonum clavellatum, Eriogonum codium, Eriogonum coloradense, Eriogonum contortum, Eriogonum corymbosum, Eriogonum crocatum, Eriogonum cronquistii, Eriogonum crosbyae, Eriogonum cusickii, Eriogonum deserticola, Eriogonum desertorum, Eriogonum diatomaceum, Eriogonum effusum, Eriogonum elatum, Eriogonum elongatum, Eriogonum ephedroides, Eriogonum eremicum, Eriogonum ericifolium, Eriogonum exilifolium, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Eriogonum giganteum, Eriogonum gilmanii, Eriogonum gracilipes, Eriogonum grande, Eriogonum gypsophilum, Eriogonum havardii, Eriogonum heermannii, Eriogonum helichrysoides, Eriogonum holmgrenii, Eriogonum hylophilum, Eriogonum jonesii, Eriogonum kennedyi, Eriogonum kingii, Eriogonum lachnogynum, Eriogonum lancifolium, Eriogonum latifolium, Eriogonum leptocladon, Eriogonum leptophyllum, Eriogonum loganum, Eriogonum lonchophyllum, Eriogonum mancum, Eriogonum mensicola, Eriogonum microtheca, Eriogonum mitophyllum, Eriogonum mortonianum, Eriogonum natum, Eriogonum niveum, Eriogonum novonudum, Eriogonum nudum, Eriogonum nummulare, Eriogonum ochrocephalum, Eriogonum ostlundii, Eriogonum ovalifolium, Eriogonum panamintense, Eriogonum panguicense, Eriogonum parvifolium, Eriogonum pauciflorum, Eriogonum pelinophilum, Eriogonum pendulum, Eriogonum plumatella, Eriogonum prociduum, Eriogonum pulchrum, Eriogonum racemosum, Eriogonum ripleyi, Eriogonum rosense, Eriogonum rupinum, Eriogonum saxatile, Eriogonum scopulorum, Eriogonum shockleyi, Eriogonum smithii, Eriogonum soliceps, Eriogonum soredium, Eriogonum spathulatum, Eriogonum spectabile, Eriogonum strictum, Eriogonum suffruticosum, Eriogonum terrenatum, Eriogonum thompsoniae, Eriogonum thornei, Eriogonum tiehmii, Eriogonum tumulosum, Eriogonum villiflorum, Eriogonum viridulum, Eriogonum wrightii, Eriogonum zionis

Keys

Key 1—California

1	Flowers with winged stipelike bases	> 2
1	Flowers without stipelike bases	> 3
2	Perianths white to rose or yellowish; inflorescences cymose, 10-25 × 5-12 cm; achenes 3.5-4 mm; s Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, s Sierra Nevada, desert ranges to east	Eriogonum saxatile
2	Perianths bright yellow; inflorescences cymose-umbellate, 0.5-3 × 3-8 cm; achenes 2.5-3 mm; Santa Monica Mountains, Ventura County	Eriogonum crocatum
3	Plants forming cespitose or pulvinate mats; inflorescences capitate, or if racemose, subumbellate, cymose, or cymose-umbellate, then plants 0.1-1 dm	> 4
3	Plants shrubs to subshrubs or spreading to erect perennials, not cespitose or matted; inflorescences branched or, if capitate, plants 1-5 dm	> 13
4	Inflorescences cymose, racemose, subumbellate, cymose-umbellate, or virgate, not capitate	> 5
4	Inflorescences capitate, rarely umbellate	> 7
5	Perianths glandular-hairy, whitish to reddish; flowering stems glandular-puberulent; Kern and Tulare counties	Eriogonum breedlovei
5	Perianths glabrous, white to pink or rose, or yellowish with reddish spot; flowering stems not glandular; Inyo and Tulare counties	> 6
6	Flowers (1.5-)2-2.5 mm; tepals monomorphic; involucres 0.8-1.3 mm; s Sierra Nevada, Olancha Peak	Eriogonum wrightii
6	Flowers 3-4 mm; tepals dimorphic, outer globose; involucres 1.5-2 mm; Cottonwood, Last Chance, and Panamint mountains	Eriogonum gilmanii
7	Tepals dimorphic, outer often 2 times as wide as inner; scapes floccose to tomentose or lanate or nearly glabrous; common in e and s California	Eriogonum ovalifolium
7	Tepals monomorphic, or if somewhat dimorphic, flowers, involucres, and scapes glandular-pubescent; ec and ne California	> 8
8	Perianths yellow or ochroleucous to reddish yellow, not white	> 9
8	Perianths white to rose or pink, not yellow or ochroleucous (except sometimes yellow in E. shockleyi)	> 11
9	Involucres glandular or glandular-hairy; scapes glandular; Sierra Nevada from Placer County to Fresno County and in desert ranges of Inyo and Mono counties, usually above 2500 m	Eriogonum rosense
9	Involucres glabrous or floccose, occasionally glandular; scapes glabrous or glandular; Sierra Nevada and Great Basin; often below 1900 m	> 10
10	Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate to obovate, 1-2 × 0.5-1(-1.5) cm; scapes 0.5-1.5(-2) dm, glandular at least proximal to inflorescence; involucres floccose abaxially; clay soils, Lassen County	Eriogonum ochrocephalum
10	Leaf blades oblanceolate to spatulate, elliptic or ovate, 0.4-0.8(-1) × 0.15-0.4(-0.6) cm; scapes 0.2-0.8 dm, glabrous; involucres glabrous or sparsely floccose; volcanic soils, Lassen and Modoc counties	Eriogonum prociduum
11	Involucres glandular or pubescent to glandular-puberulent, membranous; c Sierra Nevada and White Mountains, Inyo and Mono counties, 3000-3900 m	Eriogonum gracilipes
11	Involucres glabrous or tomentose, rigid; s Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges, and desert ranges to the east from Mono County s to Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties, typically below 3000 m	> 12
12	Perianths and achenes pubescent; Last Chance Range, Inyo and Mono counties	Eriogonum shockleyi
12	Perianths and achenes glabrous; s Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges, and desert ranges to the east from Mono County s to Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties	Eriogonum kennedyi
13	Involucres 2-10 or more per node or in heads	> 14
13	Involucres 1 per node	> 24
14	Tepals distinctly dimorphic, those of outer whorl to 2 times as wide as those of inner whorl	> 15
14	Tepals essentially monomorphic, those of outer whorl ca. as wide as those of inner whorl	> 16
15	Inflorescences cymose-umbellate or capitate; outer tepals globose; Inyo County	Eriogonum gilmanii
15	Inflorescences umbellate-cymose to cymose; outer tepals not globose; PlumasCounty n to Siskiyou and Modoc counties	Eriogonum strictum
16	Plants herbaceous or woody at base	> 17
16	Plants usually shrubs	> 20
17	Leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 4-15(-25) cm, villous and green on both surfaces; Sierra Nevada and Great Basin region, Tulare and Mono counties n	Eriogonum elatum
17	Leaf blades oblanceolate to oblong-ovate, ovate, or elliptic, usually 2-6 cm, tomentose abaxially, tomentose or floccose to subglabrous, or glabrous adaxially; widespread	> 18
18	Involucres (4-)5-7 × 3-8(-10) mm; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous, rarely floccose; inflorescences subcapitate to cymose; leaf blades densely tomentose abaxially, greenish and glabrate adaxially; plants forming large mats; Channel Islands	Eriogonum grande
18	Involucres (2.5-)3-5(-7) × (1.5-)2-4 mm; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous, floccose, or tomentose; inflorescences capitate to umbellate or cymose; leaf blades variously lanate to tomentose on both surfaces or tomentose to floccose or glabrous adaxially; plants erect, occasionally forming large mats; mainland	> 19
19	Involucres and flowering stems glabrous or, if tomentose, plants not along the immediate coast; leaf blades variously lanate to tomentose on both surfaces or tomentose, floccose, or glabrous adaxially; plants mostly erect, not forming dense mats; widespread	Eriogonum nudum
19	Involucres and flowering stems tomentose to floccose, rarely glabrous; inflorescences capitate, umbellate, or cymose; leaf blades whitish-lanate to tawny-tomentose on both surfaces, or tomentose to floccose or glabrous and green adaxially; plants forming dense mats; cliffs and bluffs along immediate coast from San Luis Obispo County n	Eriogonum latifolium
20	Leaf blades narrowly linear or nearly so to oblanceolate, shorter than 2 cm and leaves usually strongly fasciculate; s coastal and desert ranges	Eriogonum fasciculatum
20	Leaf blades linear-oblong to orbiculate or, if linear, longer than 2 cm and leaves not fasciculate; insular or coastal mesas and foothills	> 21
21	Perianths glabrous; coastal and near-coast areas, Monterey County s to Los Angeles County	Eriogonum parvifolium
21	Perianths villous; coastal Santa Barbara s to Los Angeles County and insular	> 22
22	Leaf blades linear to narrowly oblong, 2-4(-5) cm, white-tomentose abaxially, cinereous to glabrate adaxially, margins revolute; Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Anacapa islands	Eriogonum arborescens
22	Leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate to ovate or lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 1.5-10 cm, white-tomentulose or tomentose on both surfaces, margins not revolute; coastal regions, Santa Barbara s to Los Angeles County and on Santa Rosa, Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and Santa Barbara islands	> 23
23	Leaf blades ovate, 1.5-3 × 1-2.5(-3) cm, white-tomentulose; inflorescences congested, capitate; involucres narrowly turbinate; coastal regions, Santa Barbara s to Los Angeles County, and on Santa Rosa islands	Eriogonum cinereum
23	Leaf blades oblong-ovate to ovate or lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 2-7(-10) × 1-5 cm, white-tomentose; inflorescences often open, cymose; involucres campanulate; Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and Santa Barbara islands	Eriogonum giganteum
24	Involucres disposed in elongate racemes at tips of inflorescence branches	> 25
24	Involucres disposed at forks of branching system	> 31
25	Involucres usually 6-7 mm; plants perennial herbs, (6-)12-18 dm; s Coast Ranges and Transverse Ranges south	Eriogonum elongatum
25	Involucres (0.8-)1-6 mm; plants shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, (1-)1.5-5 dm; widespread	> 26
26	Plants shrubs; Great Basin region, Mono and n Inyo counties	Eriogonum nummulare
26	Plants subshrubs or herbs; widespread	> 27
27	Plants suffrutescent and much-branched basally; leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 0.1-1 cm wide, margins often revolute	> 28
27	Plants not suffrutescent basally; leaf blades rounded to broadly ovate, (0.3-)1-3.5(-4) cm wide, margins not revolute	> 29
28	Involucres 0.7-4 mm; flowers 2-4 mm; perianth usually white to pink; widespread	Eriogonum wrightii
28	Involucres (4-)5-6 mm; flowers usually 4-5 mm; perianth ochroleucous to rose; Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County	Eriogonum butterworthianum
29	Leaf blades round, (0.3-)0.5-1.5 × (0.3-)1-1.5 cm; petioles 1-2 cm; involucres campanulate; Inyo Mountains and Panamint and Coso ranges, Inyo County	Eriogonum mensicola
29	Leaf blades elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate, 1.5-4.5(-5) × 1-3.5(-4) cm; petioles 1-7 cm; involucres turbinate or turbinate-campanulate; Inyo and White mountains, Mono and Inyo counties s to New York Mountains, San Bernardino County	> 30
30	Leaf blades elliptic to oblong, (2-)2.5-4.5(-5) × 1.5-3.5(-4) cm; petioles (2-)3-7 cm; involucres turbinate-campanulate, 3-4 × 3-4 mm; White and Inyo mountains, Mono and Inyo counties	Eriogonum rupinum
30	Leaf blades elliptic to ovate or obovate, 1.5-4 × 1-2.5 cm; petioles 1-5 cm; involucres turbinate, 3-5 × 2-4 mm; White and Inyo mountains south to New York mountains	Eriogonum panamintense
31	Plants herbaceous perennials	> 32
31	Plants subshrubs or shrubs	> 33
32	Leaf blades round-ovate, 0.3-0.5(-1) × 0.3-0.5(-1) cm; Amador County	Eriogonum apricum
32	Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1-6 × (0.3-)1-4 cm; widespread	Eriogonum nudum
33	Perianths pubescent	> 34
33	Perianths glabrous	> 36
34	Flowers (2.5-)3-4(-4.5) mm; perianth greenish yellow to yellow; involucres 1.5-2.5(-3) mm, 4-toothed; leaf blades (0.3-)0.5-1.5(-3.5) cm; Imperial and San Diego counties	Eriogonum deserticola
34	Flowers 3-6(-7) mm; perianth white; involucres 2-5 mm, 5-8-toothed; leaf blades (0.7-)1.2-5 cm; Del Norte and Plumas counties	> 35
35	Involucres 3.5-5 mm; Del Norte County	Eriogonum pendulum
35	Involucres 2-3 mm; Plumas County	Eriogonum spectabile
36	Inflorescences usually compact, terminally cymose; involucres tomentose, floccose, or glabrous	> 37
36	Inflorescences divaricatedly branched panicles or cymes; involucres glabrous	> 38
37	Plants erect to spreading subshrubs in montane places, shrubs at lower elevations, 0.2-15 dm; leaf blades (0.3-)1-3.5 cm, margins not revolute, or if so, plants distinctly shrubby; e and s California	Eriogonum microthecum
37	Plants spreading or matted subshrubs of desert mountains, 0.5-1.5 dm; leaf blades 0.4-0.6 cm, margins revolute; New York Mountains, San Bernardino County	Eriogonum thornei
38	Outer tepals obovate to orbiculate; inflorescence branches green, dichotomous, ascending; mountain slopes, s Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, s Sierra Nevada, and desert ranges from Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties n to Monterey, San Benito, and Mono counties	Eriogonum heermannii
38	Outer tepals obovate; inflorescence branches grayish, mostly horizontal, tiered; desert valleys, Kern County s to e San Diego and eastward	Eriogonum plumatella

Key 2—British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

1	Plants subshrubs or shrubs	> 2
1	Plants herbaceous, sometimes cespitose perennials	> 5
2	Perianths villous; involucres 3.5-5 mm; peduncles (1-)3-10 cm; Josephine County, Oregon	Eriogonum pendulum
2	Perianths glabrous; involucres usually shorter than 3.5 mm; peduncles absent or shorter than 1.5 cm; widespread	> 3
3	Leaves cauline; widespread	Eriogonum microthecum
3	Leaves basal; Deschutes, Harney, Klamath, Lake, and Malheur counties, Oregon	> 4
4	Plants (3-)3.5-9 dm; perianths greenish white to pale yellow; Malheur County, Oregon	Eriogonum novonudum
4	Plants 0.3-1 dm; perianths yellow; Deschutes, Harney, Klamath, and Lake counties, Oregon	Eriogonum cusickii
5	Plants erect to spreading, decumbent, or prostrate, not forming compact, dense, cespitose mats; inflorescences branched	> 6
5	Plants forming compact, dense, pulvinate to cespitose mats; inflorescences capitate, rarely branched	> 14
6	Perianths usually hairy abaxially, sometimes sparsely so near base	> 7
6	Perianths glabrous	> 9
7	Leaf blades lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 4-15(-25) cm, loosely villous and green on both surfaces; e of Cascade Ranges in e Oregon and Washington e to Elmore and Washington counties, Idaho, and Siskiyou Mountains of s Oregon e into desert ranges of Lake County, Oregon	Eriogonum elatum
7	Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1-5 cm, densely white-lanate to tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes floccose or glabrous and green adaxially; widespread	> 8
8	Involucres and flowering stems glabrous or, if tomentose, then inflorescences compound-cymose; leaf blades lanate to tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes floccose or glabrous adaxially; plants not forming dense mats; widespread, s Oregon	Eriogonum nudum
8	Involucres and flowering stems tomentose; inflorescences capitate or cymose; leaf blades densely whitish-lanate or tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; plants forming dense mats; immediate coast, Curry County, Oregon	Eriogonum latifolium
9	Leaf blades linear to oblanceolate; perianths yellow; se Idaho	Eriogonum brevicaule
9	Leaf blades lanceolate, elliptic to ovate, or oval; perianths white, or if yellow then not of se Idaho	> 10
10	Tepals dimorphic	> 11
10	Tepals monomorphic	> 12
11	Inflorescences usually not leafy-bracteate, umbellate-cymose to cymose, 1-20 cm; involucres 1 per node, rarely 2-5 per cluster, glabrous or tomentose; perianths white or yellow to rose or purple; petioles rarely twisted	Eriogonum strictum
11	Inflorescences generally leafy-bracteate at least at proximal nodes, cymose, 10-30 cm; involucres 1 per node, tomentose; perianths cream to reddish; petioles often twisted	Eriogonum niveum
12	Leaves white-tomentose on both surfaces; Malheur County, Oregon	Eriogonum novonudum
12	Leaves not white-tomentose on both surfaces, or if so then not of Malheur County, Oregon	> 13
13	Involucres and flowering stems glabrous or, if tomentose, inflorescences compound-cymose; leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate; plants not forming mats; widespread, s Oregon	Eriogonum nudum
13	Involucres and flowering stems tomentose; inflorescences capitate or cymose; leaf blades densely whitish-lanate or tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; plants forming dense mats; immediate coast, Curry County, Oregon	Eriogonum latifolium
14	Inflorescences umbellate, branching sometimes obscured by flowers	> 15
14	Inflorescences capitate	> 18
15	Perianths hairy abaxially; se Washington	Eriogonum codium
15	Perianths glabrous abaxially; c or se Idaho, or sc Oregon	> 16
16	Outer tepals ca. 2 times as wide as inner ones; perianths bright white; c Idaho	Eriogonum ovalifolium
16	Outer tepals ca. as wide as inner ones; perianths yellow or ochroleucous; se Idaho or sc Oregon	> 17
17	Involucres tomentose to floccose; perianths yellow or ochroleucous; leaf blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate, to 7 × 0.5 cm; se Idaho	Eriogonum brevicaule
17	Involucres glabrous; perianths yellow; leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, to 1.2 × 0.3 cm; sc Oregon	Eriogonum cusickii
18	Perianths hairy abaxially; achenes pubescent at least at beak; inflorescences typically branched but occasionally seemingly or actually capitate	> 19
18	Flowers glabrous or glandular, not hairy; achenes glabrous, except on beaks; inflorescences usually capitate, rarely umbellate to cymose	> 20
19	Perianths lemon yellow; se Washington	Eriogonum codium
19	Perianths white to rose or yellow; s Idaho	Eriogonum shockleyi
20	Involucres membranous	> 21
20	Involucres rigid	> 24
21	Perianths cream; se Idaho	Eriogonum mancum
21	Perianths pale yellow to yellow; c and w Idaho, or e Oregon	> 22
22	Perianths pale yellow; flowering stems glandular-hairy; leaf blades white-tomentose and glandular on both surfaces; Wallowa County, Oregon, and Adams and Idaho counties, Idaho	Eriogonum scopulorum
22	Perianths yellow; flowering stems glandular or thinly floccose to tomentose; leaf blades tomentose on both surfaces or less so and grayish to greenish adaxially, not glandular; Blaine, Butte, Camas, Custer, Lemhi, and Owyhee counties, Idaho, or Malheur County, Oregon	> 23
23	Flowering stems glandular or thinly floccose; involucres tomentose or glandular; Blaine, Butte, Camas, Custer, Lemhi, and Owyhee counties, Idaho	Eriogonum crosbyae
23	Flowering stems floccose to tomentose; involucres glabrous except for margins of teeth; Malheur County, Oregon	Eriogonum chrysops
24	Tepals dimorphic, those of outer whorl generally 2 times as wide as those of inner whorl or, if dimorphic but less than 2 times as wide, plants of subalpine or alpine habitats, or leaf blades elliptic to round and perianths white to cream or rose	Eriogonum ovalifolium
24	Tepals monomorphic, those of outer whorl ca. as wide as those of inner whorl or, if slightly dimorphic, plants not of subalpine or alpine habitats, or leaf blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic and perianths usually yellow	> 25
25	Inflorescences of 1 involucre atop peduncle; inflorescence bracts absent; Beaverhead Mountains, Lemhi County, Idaho	Eriogonum soliceps
25	Inflorescences of 2-8 involucres atop scape; inflorescence bracts subtending cluster of involucres; widespread	> 26
26	Perianths distinctly pustulose along midribs and base abaxially	> 27
26	Perianths not pustulose abaxially	> 28
27	Perianths yellow; Blaine, Butte, Camas, Custer, Lemhi, and Owyhee counties, Idaho	Eriogonum crosbyae
27	Perianths white to cream; Butte, Clark, Custer, and Lemhi counties, Idaho	Eriogonum mancum
28	Involucres turbinate, 2.5-4.5(-6) × 1.5-2.5(-4) mm; leaf blades (0.2-)1-10(-12)	> 29
28	Involucres campanulate, 2-4 × 2-4 mm; leaf blades 0.5-1.5 cm	> 30
29	Flowering stems to 1.4 dm, tomentose; se Idaho	Eriogonum brevicaule
29	Flowering stems (0.6-)1-4(-5) dm, glabrous or rarely slightly floccose; sw Idaho, se Oregon	Eriogonum ochrocephalum
30	Involucres (2-)3-4 × (2.5-)3-4 mm, glabrous or floccose only on teeth; flowers 2-3.5(-4) mm, perianth bright yellow; Harney, Lake, and Baker counties, Oregon	Eriogonum prociduum
30	Involucres 2-3.5 × 2-3.5 mm, floccose throughout; flowers 1.5-3 mm, perianth yellow; Harney and Lake counties, Oregon	Eriogonum crosbyae

Key 3—Nevada and Utah

1	Plants subshrubs or shrubs	> 2
1	Plants herbs	> 21
2	Perianths pubescent	> 3
2	Perianths glabrous	> 4
3	Leaves not fasciculate, blade lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, tomentose or nearly so; Thousand Lake Mountain, Wayne County, Utah	Eriogonum corymbosum
3	Leaves usually fasciculate, blade usually oblanceolate, canescent on both surfaces or densely tomentose abaxially and canescent adaxially; s Nevada and sw Utah	Eriogonum fasciculatum
4	Involucres usually racemosely arranged along tips of inflorescence branches	> 5
4	Involucres dichotomously arranged even at tips of inflorescence branches	> 8
5	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches angled and ribbed or scabrous, or if round and smooth then rigid or stout, glabrous and with short, spinose lateral branches; s Nevada and Washington County, Utah	Eriogonum heermannii
5	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches not angled and ribbed or scabrellous or with short, spinose lateral branches, tomentose to floccose or, if glabrous, slender and flexible; widespread	> 6
6	Leaves fasciculate, blade 0.2-1.5 × 0.25-0.7(-0.9) cm, oblanceolate to elliptic; wc and s Nevada, and Washington County, Utah	Eriogonum wrightii
6	Leaves not fasciculate, blade 1.5-3.5 × 0.2-0.8(-1.2) cm, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblong; Nevada, s and e Utah	> 7
7	Leaf blades usually linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic; inflorescence branches tomentose to floccose or glabrate, occasionally glabrous; e Utah	Eriogonum leptocladon
7	Leaf blades broadly oblanceolate to broadly elliptic; inflorescence branches usually tomentose; Nevada and s Utah	Eriogonum nummulare
8	Margins of leaf blades revolute or at least inrolled	> 9
8	Margins of leaf blades usually plane	> 12
9	Leaf blades (0.5-)2-6 cm; inflorescences densely branched, usually glabrous; involucres narrowly turbinate, glabrous; San Juan County, Utah	Eriogonum leptophyllum
9	Leaf blades 0.5-1.8(-2.5) cm; inflorescences usually sparsely branched, tomentose to floccose; involucres turbinate to turbinate-campanulate, tomentose to floccose or rarely glabrous; widespread	> 10
10	Tepals monomorphic; widespread	Eriogonum microthecum
10	Tepals dimorphic; e Utah	> 11
11	Plants 1-2.5 dm; leaf blades oblanceolate, usually thinly tomentose and grayish, rarely glabrous and green adaxially; involucres 2.5-4.5 mm wide; San Juan County, Utah	Eriogonum clavellatum
11	Plants 0.2-0.8 dm; leaf blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, white- to reddish- or tannish-tomentose adaxially; involucres 1.5-3 mm wide; Carbon, Emery, and Grand counties s to Garfield, San Juan, Sevier, and Wayne counties, Utah	Eriogonum bicolor
12	Inflorescences flat-topped and in tiers, branches zigzag; leaf blades tomentose on both surfaces; plants erect; s Clark County, Nevada	Eriogonum plumatella
12	Inflorescences usually open, not flat-topped, branches not zigzag; leaf blades variable but typically not tomentose on both surfaces; plants spreading to rounded, typically wider than tall; widespread	> 13
13	Leaf apices sharply acute; leaf blades usually narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 0.2-1.2 cm wide	Eriogonum microthecum
13	Leaf apices acute to rounded; leaf blades lanceolate to oblanceolate or elliptic to oval, cordate, or nearly orbiculate, (0.2-)0.3-3(-3.5) cm wide	> 14
14	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches tomentose to floccose, rarely subglabrous	> 15
14	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous	> 17
15	Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3.5-7(-9) × 0.3-0.6(-0.8) cm, densely white-tomentose abaxially, less so and greenish adaxially; leaf margins rarely crenulate; Duchesne County, Utah	Eriogonum hylophilum
15	Leaf blades lanceolate to oblanceolate or elliptic to nearly orbiculate, rarely cordate, 1-5 × (0.3-)0.5-3(-3.5) cm, densely silvery to white-, tannish-, or brownish-tomentose on both surfaces or less so or glabrous and green abaxially; leaf margins occasionally crenulate; not of Duchesne County, Utah	> 16
16	Leaf blades densely white-, tannish-, or brownish-tomentose on both surfaces or less so or nearly glabrous and green abaxially, (0.5-)1-3(-4.5) cm; Clark County, Nevada, and s and e Utah	Eriogonum corymbosum
16	Leaf blades densely silvery-tomentose on both surfaces or rarely less so or subglabrous and greenish abaxially, 3-5 cm; Wellington area, Carbon and Emery counties, Utah	Eriogonum lancifolium
17	Leaf blades green and glabrous, rarely thinly floccose adaxially; flowers 3-4 mm, perianth yellow; San Rafael Desert, Emery and Wayne counties, Utah	Eriogonum smithii
17	Leaf blades tomentose to floccose at least on one surface; flowers 1.5-4 mm; perianth usually white, sometimes yellow, cream, or pink; widespread	> 18
18	Involucres campanulate; leaf blades floccose adaxially, thinly floccose or glabrous abaxially; Nevada	Eriogonum heermannii
18	Involucres turbinate; leaf blades variable but always with one surface tomentose; Utah	> 19
19	Perianths usually yellow to pale yellow, occasionally cream; leaf blades lanceolate to oblanceolate or elliptic, usually densely tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes less so and greenish adaxially; Washington County, Utah	Eriogonum corymbosum
19	Perianths white; leaf blades lanceolate or broadly elliptic, usually densely tomentose only abaxially; Millard or Uintah counties, Utah	> 20
20	Plants spreading to somewhat sprawling subshrubs, (1.5-)2-4 dm; leaves commonly basal or sheathing up proximal 4 of flowering stems, blade broadly elliptic, 1-2(-2.5) cm; Millard County, Utah	Eriogonum ammophilum
20	Plants erect shrubs, 3-5 dm; leaves cauline, sheathing up proximal 1/ 2 of flowering stems, blade usually lanceolate, 3-6 cm; Uintah County, Utah	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
21	Plants cespitose, matted, or pulvinate; inflorescences usually capitate	> 22
21	Plants herbaceous; inflorescences branched	> 48
22	Perianths hairy	> 23
22	Perianths glabrous, sparsely pilose, or glandular	> 26
23	Achenes tomentose; widespread	Eriogonum shockleyi
23	Achenes glabrous; c and e Nevada, c, ne, and w Utah	> 24
24	Flowers 2-2.5(-3) mm; perianth pale yellow to yellow; Emery and Garfield counties, Utah	Eriogonum aretioides
24	Flowers 3-4.5 mm; perianth white to rose; e Nevada and ne and w Utah	> 25
25	Flowering stems spreading to prostrate, (0.5-)1.5-5(-8) cm; leaf blades narrowly elliptic, 0.3-1 × 0.1-0.2(-0.3) cm; e Nevada and w Utah	Eriogonum villiflorum
25	Flowering stems erect, 0.1-1 cm; leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 0.3-0.4 × 0.07-0.1 cm; ne Utah	Eriogonum tumulosum
26	Tepals strongly dimorphic or, if only slightly so, leaf blades oval to rotund	Eriogonum ovalifolium
26	Tepals monomorphic or, if slightly dimorphic, leaf blades not oval to rotund	> 27
27	Involucre tubes membranous	> 28
27	Involucre tubes rigid	> 31
28	Perianths greenish yellow to pale yellow, rarely yellow	> 29
28	Perianths white to rose	> 30
29	Involucres 2.5-3.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with white hairs abaxially; flowers (2.5-)3-3.5 mm; perianths glabrous or sparsely glandular, usually greenish yellow or pale yellow; dry limestone and granitic montane slopes, Elko County and n White Pine County, Nevada	Eriogonum kingii
29	Involucres 2-2.5 mm, sparsely to densely tomentose with scattered glands along ribs; flowers (2-)2.5-3 mm; perianths sparsely glandular, yellow; moist, crusted, sandy, alkaline flats, Ruby Valley, Elko County, Nevada	Eriogonum argophyllum
30	Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic, (0.3-)1-1.5(-2) × (0.2-)0.3-0.6 cm, glandular and densely white-tomentose abaxially; involucres 5-7 per cluster, sparsely glandular to glandular-puberulent or pubescent; White Mountains, Esmeralda County, Nevada	Eriogonum gracilipes
30	Leaf blades oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.2-0.5(-1) × (0.1-)0.2-0.4 cm, glandular and densely white- or greenish-tomentose abaxially; involucres 2-4 per cluster, sparsely glandular-puberulent; Snake Range, White Pine County, Nevada	Eriogonum holmgrenii
31	Leaf blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, (1.5-)3-9(-12) × 0.1-0.5(-0.7) cm; n Utah	> 32
31	Leaf blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to ovate, 0.2-3 × 0.05-1 cm; Nevada or c and n Utah	> 33
32	Leaf blades white- to gray-tomentose abaxially, less so and grayish or occasionally greenish to thinly floccose and bright green adaxially; perianths usually yellow, occasionally ochroleucous; widespread	Eriogonum brevicaule
32	Leaf blades densely reddish- to brownish-lanate abaxially, less so to tomentose adaxially; perianths ochroleucous, rarely yellow; Cache and n Morgan counties, Utah	Eriogonum loganum
33	Scapes glandular or glandular-hairy	> 34
33	Scapes glabrous or tomentose to floccose	> 35
34	Involucres glandular and sparsely hairy; scapes densely glandular-hairy throughout, 0.1-0.9(-1.1) dm; wc Nevada	Eriogonum rosense
34	Involucres sparsely to densely floccose; scapes glandular or glandular only proximal to inflorescences, (0.5-)1-4.5(-5) dm; nw Nevada	Eriogonum ochrocephalum
35	Scapes glabrous	> 36
35	Scapes tomentose to floccose	> 40
36	Leaf margins crenulate or, if plane, leaf blades 1.5-6(-7) cm, scapes 8-25(-30) cm, and plants of s Utah	> 37
36	Leaf margins plane	> 38
37	Perianths usually greenish white to creamy white or pale yellowish white, rarely pale yellow or yellow; n Utah	Eriogonum brevicaule
37	Perianths white; s Utah	Eriogonum panguicense
38	Perianths white to pink or rose; Esmeralda County, Nevada	Eriogonum kennedyi
38	Perianths yellow; Humboldt and Washoe counties, Nevada	> 39
39	Flowers pustulose; leaf blades obovate, (1-)1.5-2(-2.2) cm; Humboldt and Washoe counties, Nevada	Eriogonum crosbyae
39	Perianths not pustulose; leaf blades oblanceolate to spatulate or elliptic to ovate, 0.3-1(-1.5) cm; n Washoe and Humboldt counties, Nevada	Eriogonum prociduum
40	Leaf margins crenulate; Wasatch Mountains, Utah, above 3000 m	Eriogonum brevicaule
40	Leaf margins not crenulate; Nevada or, if in Utah, below 2800 m	> 41
41	Perianths yellowish white or whitish to cream, glandular; Silver Peak Range, Esmeralda County, Nevada	Eriogonum tiehmii
41	Perianths cream or yellow, glabrous; not of Esmeralda County, Nevada	> 42
42	Perianths yellow	> 43
42	Perianths cream to white, pink, or rose	> 45
43	Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate to oblanceolate, (0.8-)1-4(-4.5) cm, densely grayish-tomentose abaxially, tomentose to floccose and grayish to green adaxially; Elko and White Pine counties, Nevada, and Box Elder, Rich, and Tooele counties, Utah	Eriogonum brevicaule
43	Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic or rarely ovate, 0.4-2(-2.5) cm, densely greenish- to white-tomentose on both surfaces, or densely greenish-white-tomentose abaxially, thinly tomentose and whitish green adaxially; n Nevada and nw Utah	> 44
44	Perianths not pustulose; e Elko County, Nevada, and Box Elder, Juab, and Tooele counties, Utah	Eriogonum desertorum
44	Perianths pustulose; Washoe County s to Mineral County, e to Humboldt and w Elko counties, Nevada	Eriogonum crosbyae
45	Flowering stems 0.02-0.15 dm; leaf blades (0.2-)0.25-0.45(-0.7) × (0.07-)0.1-0.25 cm; San Francisco Mountains, Beaver County, Utah	Eriogonum soredium
45	Flowering stems 0.1-2 dm; leaf blades (0.5-)0.8-2(-2.3) × (0.2-)0.3-1.2(-1.8) cm; not in San Francisco Mountains, Beaver County, Utah	> 46
46	Leaves sheathing flowering stem (1.5-)2-4 cm; Churchill Narrows,Lyon County, Nevada	Eriogonum diatomaceum
46	Leaves not sheathing flowering stem; not of Churchill County, Nevada	> 47
47	Perianths not pustulose; leaf blades elliptic to obovate or suborbiculate, (0.7-)0.9-1.3(-2) × (0.3-)0.5-0.9(-1.1) cm; Elko, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, and Pershing counties, Nevada	Eriogonum anemophilum
47	Perianths pustulose; leaf blades oblanceolate to spatulate or ovate, 0.5-1.5(-1.8) × (0.2-)0.3-0.5(-1) cm; House Range, Millard County, Utah	Eriogonum mancum
48	Flowers with stipelike bases; leaf blades obovate to rounded and lanate to tomentose; Esmeralda and Nye counties, Nevada	Eriogonum saxatile
48	Flowers without stipelike bases; leaf blades not obovate to rounded and densely lanate to tomentose; widespread	> 49
49	Perianths usually hairy abaxially	> 50
49	Perianths glabrous	> 52
50	Plants matted; leaf blades 0.3-0.8 × 0.1-0.2 cm, margins revolute; to be expected in Daggett County, Utah	Eriogonum acaule
50	Plants not matted; leaf blades 1-15(-25) × 0.3-6 cm, margins plane; Nevada	> 51
51	Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 1-4 × 0.3-2 cm, densely tomentose abaxially, tomentose to floccose or glabrous adaxially; w Nevada	Eriogonum nudum
51	Leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 4-15(-25) × 1.5-6 cm, loosely villous and green on both surfaces; nw and n Nevada	Eriogonum elatum
52	Inflorescences with involucres racemosely arranged	> 53
52	Involucres not racemosely arranged	> 57
53	Perianths pale yellow to yellow; flowering stems and inflorescence branches usually glabrous, rarely tomentose, occasionally fistulose; s Utah	Eriogonum zionis
53	Perianths white to rose; flowering stems and inflorescence branches usually tomentose, rarely glabrous, not fistulose; widespread	> 54
54	Inflorescences with 5-20 or more racemosely arranged involucres along most of length of inflorescence branches; plants 3-8(-10) dm; e Nevada and Utah	Eriogonum racemosum
54	Inflorescences with 3-5 racemosely arranged involucres at tips of distalmost inflorescence branches; plants 1-5 dm; c and sw Nevada	> 55
55	Leaf blades round, (0.3-)0.5-1.5 cm; involucres campanulate, 2-3(-4) mm; Sheep Range, Clark County, Nevada	Eriogonum mensicola
55	Leaf blades elliptic to oblong, ovate, or obovate, 1.5-4.5(-5) cm; involucres turbinate to turbinate-campanulate, 3-5 mm; Clark, Esmeralda, Lander, Lincoln, Mineral, and Nye counties, Nevada	> 56
56	Plants 3-5 dm; leaf blades elliptic to oblong, (2-)2.5-4.5(-5) × 1.5-3.5(-4) cm, thinly tomentose abaxially, less so to floccose and greenish adaxially; Esmeralda, Lander, Lincoln, Mineral, and Nye counties, Nevada	Eriogonum rupinum
56	Plants 1.5-3 dm; leaf blades elliptic to ovate or obovate, 1.5-4 × 1-2.5 cm, white-tomentose abaxially, slightly less so and often greenish adaxially; w Esmeralda, sw Nye, and n Clark counties, Nevada	Eriogonum panamintense
57	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches usually tomentose to floccose	> 58
57	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches usually glabrous	> 61
58	Leaf blades linear or narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, 0.1-0.5(-0.7) cm wide; n Utah	> 59
58	Leaf blades lanceolate to elliptic or spatulate, 0.3-1.3 cm wide; c Utah	> 60
59	Peduncles absent; plants 1-3.5 dm, tomentose; n Utah	Eriogonum brevicaule
59	Peduncles 0.2-1 cm; plants 0.5-0.8(-1) dm, thinly floccose or glabrous; e Emery and Grand counties, Utah	Eriogonum contortum
60	Perianths bright yellow; leaf blades elliptic, (0.8-)1-1.3 cm wide; Millard County, Utah	Eriogonum natum
60	Perianths ochroleucous or pale yellow; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly spatulate, 0.3-1 cm wide; Beaver, Iron, Juab, Millard, Piute, Sanpete and Sevier counties, Utah	Eriogonum spathulatum
61	Tepals dimorphic; plants forming loose mats; involucres 4-6 mm; inflorescences umbellate-cymose to cymose; n Nevada	Eriogonum strictum
61	Tepals usually monomorphic; plants not forming mats, plants of Utah with subcapitate to umbellate-cymose inflorescences; inflorescences usually cymose; widespread	> 62
62	Inflorescences elongate, rather narrow; plants 2-3(-5) dm; involucres usually 3-5 mm; wc Nevada	Eriogonum nudum
62	Inflorescences spreading or, if narrow, plants of ne Utah; plants 0.4-4.5(-6) dm; involucres usually 1.5-3.5 mm; Utah. [63. Shifted to left margin.—Ed.]	> 63
63	Leaf blades linear, 1.5-6 × 0.05-0.1 cm; Sevier County, Utah	Eriogonum mitophyllum
63	Leaf blades linear to oval, (0.5-)1-10(-12) × 0.1-0.7 cm; widespread	> 64
64	Leaf blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate; n and ne Utah	> 65
64	Leaf blades elliptic, spatulate, oblong, or ovate to round, or if oblanceolate, then plants of sw Utah	> 68
65	Leaf blades 3-10(-12) cm, linear to narrowly oblanceolate; n and ne Utah	Eriogonum brevicaule
65	Leaf blades 1-3(-4) cm, linear to narrowly elliptic or lanceolate; ne Utah	> 66
66	Leaf blades lanceolate, margins plane; inflorescences sparsely branched; perianths ochroleucous to pale yellow, rarely yellow; Uintah County, Utah	Eriogonum ephedroides
66	Leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic, margins revolute or nearly so; inflorescences densely branched; perianths yellow; Duchesne, Emery, Grand, and Uintah counties	> 67
67	Plants 1-3.5 dm; peduncles 0.1-0.2 cm; Duchesne and Uintah counties, Utah	Eriogonum viridulum
67	Plants 0.5-0.8(-1) dm; peduncles 0.2-1 cm; Emery and Grand counties, Utah	Eriogonum contortum
68	Leaf blades tomentose on both surfaces; Beaver and Millard counties, Utah	> 69
68	Leaf blades tomentose abaxially, less so to floccose or glabrous adaxially; widespread	> 71
69	Perianths ochroleucous to pale yellow, rarely yellow; flowers 3.5-4 mm; peduncles 0.2-1 cm; volcanic sands	Eriogonum artificis
69	Perianths white to ochroleucous; flowers 2.5-3 mm; peduncles absent; limestone gravel and outcrops	> 70
70	Leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly spatulate	Eriogonum spathulatum
70	Leaf blades ovate to round	Eriogonum eremicum
71	Leaf margins crenulate; leaves sheathing up stem; inflorescences subcapitate to cymose; plants spreading	> 72
71	Leaf margins not crenulate; leaves usually basal; inflorescences cymose; plants usually erect	> 73
72	Perianths greenish white to creamy white or pale yellowish white, rarely pale yellow or yellow; Wasatch Mountains, Box Elder and Weber counties, Utah	Eriogonum brevicaule
72	Perianths white; Bull Mountain, Garfield County, Utah	Eriogonum cronquistii
73	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches bright green; Kane and Washington counties, Utah	Eriogonum thompsoniae
73	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches usually gray to reddish or, if dark green, plants of wc Utah	> 74
74	Leaf blades oblanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 0.2-0.7 cm wide; San Juan and Uintah counties, Utah	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
74	Leaf blades elliptic to spatulate or broadly elliptic, 0.5-1(-1.5) cm wide; Carbon, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Piute, Sevier, and Uintah counties, Utah	> 75
75	Peduncles (0.5-)1-3(-5) cm; Garfield, Piute, and Sevier counties, Utah	Eriogonum ostlundii
75	Peduncles absent; Carbon, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, and Uintah counties, Utah	Eriogonum batemanii

Key 4—Arizona and New Mexico

1	Plants herbaceous perennials, sometimes cespitose and matted	> 2
1	Plants shrubs or subshrubs	> 11
2	Perianths pubescent	> 3
2	Perianths glabrous	> 5
3	Achenes glabrous; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous; plants erect, (2-)3-6 dm; se New Mexico	Eriogonum havardii
3	Achenes villous-tomentose; flowering stems and inflorescence branches tomentose or floccose; plants erect, (0.5-)1-3.5 dm, or cespitose mats; n Arizona and n New Mexico	> 4
4	Involucres (2-)4-6 mm, deeply 5-10-toothed; perianths white to rose or yellow; n Arizona and nw New Mexico	Eriogonum shockleyi
4	Involucres (2-)3-4 mm, 5-toothed; perianths yellow; ne Arizona and n New Mexico	Eriogonum lachnogynum
5	Tepals dimorphic; inflorescences usually capitate; n Arizona and nw New Mexico	Eriogonum ovalifolium
5	Tepals usually monomorphic; inflorescences not capitate; widespread	> 6
6	Inflorescences virgate or racemose; involucres racemose along proximal inflorescence branches; plants usually erect, 3-8(-10) dm	> 7
6	Inflorescences broadly cymose; involucres not racemose along proximal inflorescence branches; plants spreading to erect, 1-4(-6) dm	> 8
7	Perianths white to pinkish; flowering stems and involucres usually tomentose to floccose; n Arizona and n New Mexico	Eriogonum racemosum
7	Perianths pale yellow to yellow or bright red; flowering stems and involucres usually glabrous, rarely tomentose; nw Arizona	Eriogonum zionis
8	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches tomentose; leaf blades elliptic to ovate or obovate, 1.5-4 × 1-2.5 cm; perianths white to whitish brown; Mohave County, Arizona	Eriogonum panamintense
8	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous; leaf blades usually linear to ovate or cordate to truncate, rarely reniform, (1-)3-8(-10) × 0.2-2.5(-3) cm; perianths white or yellow; widespread	> 9
9	Leaf blades usually cordate to truncate, rarely reniform, (1-)1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous except for fine hairs on margins and veins; flowers 1-2 mm; perianth yellow; Eddy County, New Mexico	Eriogonum gypsophilum
9	Leaf blades linear to ovate, 1.5-8(-10) cm, tomentose to floccose on both surfaces, sometimes glabrous adaxially; flowers 2-3.5(-4) mm; perianth white or pale yellow to yellow; nw Arizona and n New Mexico	> 10
10	Involucres 1 per node, turbinate, 2-3(-3.5) × 1-1.5(-2) mm; leaf margins plane or slightly revolute; Arizona	Eriogonum thompsoniae
10	Involucres 1 per node or 2-5 per cluster, turbinate to turbinate-campanulate, 2.5-4 × (1.3-)1.5-3.5(-4) mm; leaf margins plane or occasionally crenulate; New Mexico	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
11	Perianths pubescent	> 12
11	Perianths glabrous	> 13
12	Perianths white to pinkish; leaf blades usually oblanceolate, canescent adaxially; widespread, Arizona	Eriogonum fasciculatum
12	Perianths greenish yellow to yellow; leaf blades oblong-ovate to round-oblong or orbiculate, tomentose on both surfaces; Yuma County, Arizona	Eriogonum deserticola
13	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches angled and ridged or scabrous or, if round and smooth, glabrous, dark green, and with spinose lateral branches	Eriogonum heermannii
13	Flowering stems smooth, glabrous, floccose, or tomentose, grayish to greenish	> 14
14	Involucres racemosely disposed at tips of inflorescence branches	> 15
14	Involucres dichotomously arranged at tips of inflorescence branches	> 17
15	Leaves fasciculate, blade 0.2-1.5 × 0.2-0.7(-0.9) cm, oblanceolate to elliptic; widespread	Eriogonum wrightii
15	Leaves not fasciculate, blade usually 1.5-3.5 × 0.2-0.8(-1.2) cm, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblong or broadly elliptic; n Arizona and nw New Mexico	> 16
16	Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblong or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; inflorescence branches tomentose to floccose or glabrous; ne Arizona and San Juan County, New Mexico	Eriogonum leptocladon
16	Leaf blades broadly oblanceolate to broadly elliptic, rarely orbiculate; inflorescence branches tomentose to thinly floccose; nw Arizona	Eriogonum nummulare
17	Leaf margins revolute or at least inrolled or thickened	> 18
17	Leaf margins not revolute or inrolled	> 24
18	Leaf blades (0.5-)2-6 cm; inflorescences densely branched, thinly pubescent or glabrous; involucres narrowly turbinate, glabrous; n Arizona, nw New Mexico	Eriogonum leptophyllum
18	Leaf blades 0.2-1.8(-2.5) cm; inflorescences sparsely branched, usually tomentose to floccose; involucres turbinate to campanulate, tomentose to floccose or, rarely, glabrous; widespread	> 19
19	Plants sprawling to decumbent subshrubs; inflorescences cymose-umbellate or capitate and reduced to single involucre; Coconino, se Yavapai, and nw Maricopa counties, Arizona	Eriogonum ripleyi
19	Plants erect to spreading subshrubs; inflorescences umbellate, umbellate-cymose, or cymose; widespread	> 20
20	Tepals monomorphic	Eriogonum microthecum
20	Tepals dimorphic	> 21
21	Leaf blades oblanceolate, 1-1.5(-2) cm, thinly tomentose and grayish adaxially, rarely glabrous; involucres turbinate-campanulate, 2.5-4.5 mm wide; nw San Juan County, New Mexico	Eriogonum clavellatum
21	Leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic, 0.3-1 cm, floccose or glabrous and green adaxially; involucres narrowly turbinate to turbinate, 1-2 mm wide, or campanulate, 2.5-3.5 mm wide; Arizona	> 22
22	Leaf blades linear, glabrous and green adaxially; involucres turbinate, 1.5-3(-3.5) × 1-2 mm; Verdi River Valley, c Yavapai County, Arizona	Eriogonum ericifolium
22	Leaf blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, floccose or glabrous and greenish adaxially; involucres narrowly turbinate and 1.5-3 × 1-1.5 mm or campanulate and 3-4.5 × 2.5-3.5 mm; not of Verdi River Valley, Arizona	> 23
23	Flowers 1.5-2(-2.5) mm; involucres narrowly turbinate, 1-1.5 mm wide; plants 0.8-1.2(-1.5) dm; Apache, Coconino, ne Mohave, Navajo, and n Yavapai counties, Arizona	Eriogonum pulchrum
23	Flowers 3.5-4.5(-5) mm; involucres campanulate, 2.5-3.5 mm wide; plants 1-4(-5) dm; Cochise and Pima counties, Arizona	Eriogonum terrenatum
24	Inflorescences flat-topped and tiered, branches zigzag; leaf blades tomentose on both surfaces; plants erect, taller than wide; Mohave and w Yavapai counties, Arizona	Eriogonum plumatella
24	Inflorescences open, not flat-topped, branches not zigzag; leaf blades typically not tomentose on both surfaces; plants spreading to rounded, wider than tall; widespread. [25. Shifted to left margin.—Ed.]	> 25
25	Leaf apices sharply acute; leaf blades usually narrowly elliptic, 0.1-0.2 cm wide; nw and nc Arizona	Eriogonum microthecum
25	Leaf apices acute to rounded; leaf blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, elliptic, or cordate, (0.2-)0.3-3 cm wide; widespread	> 26
26	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous	> 27
26	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches usually tomentose to floccose	> 28
27	Leaf blades bright green and glabrous; Arizona	Eriogonum mortonianum
27	Leaf blades densely white-tomentose abaxially, sparsely tomentose to thinly floccose or glabrous and green adaxially; New Mexico	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
28	Tepals dimorphic	> 29
28	Tepals monomorphic	> 30
29	Leaf blades cordate, 1-2(-2.5) cm wide.	Eriogonum jonesii
29	Leaf blades linear, oblanceolate to spatulate or elliptic, 0.1-0.8 cm wide	Eriogonum heermannii
30	Leaf blades oblanceolate to oblong or obovate, (0.2-)0.3-0.7 cm wide, densely white-tomentose abaxially, white-floccose to glabrate or green and glabrous adaxially, margins plane; inflorescences usually dense; n New Mexico w to e San Juan County	Eriogonum effusum
30	Leaf blades usually lanceolate to oblanceolate or elliptic to nearly orbiculate, rarely cordate, (0.3-)0.5-3 cm wide, densely white-, tannish-, or brownish-tomentose on both surfaces or less so to nearly glabrous and green abaxially, margins crisped, occasionally crenulate; inflorescences usually open; n Arizona and nw New Mexico	Eriogonum corymbosum

Key 5—Alberta, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming

1	Plants shrubs or subshrubs	> 2
1	Plants herbs	> 15
2	Leaf blades oblanceolate to lanceolate or elliptic, cordate to nearly orbiculate, apices rounded or nearly so	> 3
2	Leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, apices sharply acute or nearly so	> 5
3	Flowering stems and inflorescence glabrous, rarely tomentose	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
3	Flowering stems and inflorescence tomentose to floccose, glabrate, or subglabrous	> 4
4	Inflorescences 10-30(-40) × 10-40 cm, floccose to glabrate or subglabrous; e Colorado	Eriogonum effusum
4	Inflorescences (1-)3-20 × 2-25(-30) cm, tomentose to floccose; w Colorado	Eriogonum corymbosum
5	Leaf margins plane or merely rolled	> 6
5	Leaf margins usually revolute	> 9
6	Leaf blades (0.5-)1-3 cm; widespread	> 7
6	Leaf blades 3-6 cm; Colorado, sw Wyoming	> 8
7	Leaf blades usually elliptic, (0.5-)1-2(-2.5) × (0.1-)0.2-0.6(-0.8) cm, densely to sparsely white-tomentose abaxially, less so to sparsely white-floccose adaxially; nw Colorado, sw Wyoming and sw Montana	Eriogonum microthecum
7	Leaf blades oblanceolate to oblong or obovate, (1-)1.5-3 × (0.2-)0.3-0.7 cm, densely white-tomentose abaxially, white-floccose to glabrate or green and glabrous adaxially; e Colorado, w Nebraska and se Wyoming to se Montana and sw South Dakota	Eriogonum effusum
8	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches tomentose to floccose	Eriogonum corymbosum
8	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous; Colorado	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
9	Leaf blades 1.5-4(-6) cm	> 10
9	Leaf blades 0.5-1.8(-2.5) cm	> 12
10	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches tomentose to floccose;Montezuma County, Colorado	Eriogonum leptocladon
10	Flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous or thinly pubescent; widespread	> 11
11	Leaf blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, (0.03-)0.1-0.3 cm wide, greenish adaxially; inflorescences green and compactly branched; Montezuma County, Colorado	Eriogonum leptophyllum
11	Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptic, 0.2-2 cm wide, grayish; inflorescences mostly grayish and openly branched; widespread	Eriogonum lonchophyllum
12	Tepals monomorphic	> 13
12	Tepals dimorphic	> 14
13	Leaf blades usually narrowly elliptic, 0.5-1.8(-2.5) cm, mostly white-floccose adaxially, margins slightly revolute; tepals connate proximal 1/ 4; widespread	Eriogonum microthecum
13	Leaf blades oblanceolate, 0.5-1.2(-1.5) cm, subglabrous or glabrous and green adaxially, margins tightly revolute; tepals connate proximal 1/ 2; Delta and Montrose counties, Colorado	Eriogonum pelinophilum
14	Flowers (2.5-)3-3.5 mm; leaf blades oblanceolate, thinly grayish-pubescent or glabrous and greenish adaxially, margins tightly revo- lute; plants 1-2.5 dm; Montezuma County, Colorado	Eriogonum clavellatum
14	Flowers 2.5-4(-4.5) mm; leaf blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, reddish- or tannish-tomentose adaxially, margins revolute; plants 0.2-0.8 dm; Mesa County, Colorado	Eriogonum bicolor
15	Perianths pubescent	> 16
15	Perianths glabrous	> 21
16	Achenes villous to tomentose	> 17
16	Achenes glabrous	> 18
17	Plants matted, 0.3-0.7 dm; w Colorado	Eriogonum shockleyi
17	Plants erect, not matted, 1-3.5 dm; e Colorado	Eriogonum lachnogynum
18	Perianths yellow; e Montana, ne Wyoming	Eriogonum brevicaule
18	Perianths white to rose; widespread	> 19
19	Perianths pustulose; involucres campanulate, not rigid; Big Horn County, Wyoming, and Carbon County, Montana	Eriogonum mancum
19	Perianths not pustulose; involucres turbinate or campanulate, rigid; widespread	> 20
20	Involucres narrowly turbinate; leaf blades 1-4 cm; Great Plains	Eriogonum pauciflorum
20	Involucres campanulate; leaf blades 0.3-0.4 cm; nw Colorado	Eriogonum tumulosum
21	Tepals dimorphic	> 22
21	Tepals usually monomorphic	> 23
22	Inflorescences compoundly branched	Eriogonum strictum
22	Inflorescences capitate or umbellate	Eriogonum ovalifolium
23	Inflorescences virgate or racemose, branches bearing 5-20(-30) racemosely arranged involucres; leaf blades (1.5-)2-6(-10) cm, elliptic to ovate or oval to nearly rotund; Colorado	Eriogonum racemosum
23	Inflorescences umbellate to cymose or capitate or if racemose, plants forming dense, compact mats; leaf blades 0.5-1.5 cm or, if longer, linear to oblanceolate, 3-10 cm, or spatulate to elliptic, (0.3-)1.5-4 cm; widespread. [24. Shifted to left margin.—Ed.]	> 24
24	Plants erect to spreading, not forming mats	> 25
24	Plants forming mats	> 30
25	Inflorescences capitate or umbellate-cymose; c Colorado	Eriogonum brandegeei
25	Inflorescences cymose; n or w Colorado northward	> 26
26	Leaf blades densely white-tomentose on both surfaces, elliptic; nw Colorado	Eriogonum batemanii
26	Leaf blades tomentose abaxially, thinly floccose and greenish or glabrous and green adaxially, linear to elliptic, lanceolate, or spatulate; n Colorado north	> 27
27	Leaf blades linear to oblanceolate or spatulate, (1-)1.5-10 × 0.1-0.9(-1.2) cm, margins not revolute; widespread	Eriogonum brevicaule
27	Leaf blades usually linear to lanceolate, rarely narrowly elliptic, (0.5-)1-3(-4) × 0.1-0.2(-0.5) cm, margins often revolute; nw Colorado	> 28
28	Peduncles absent; to be expected in Moffat County, Colorado	Eriogonum viridulum
28	Peduncles erect, 0.2-1.5 cm; Colorado	> 29
29	Leaf blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, margins revolute; perianths yellow; flowering stems and inflorescence branches floccose to nearly glabrous; Garfield and Mesa counties, Colorado	Eriogonum contortum
29	Leaf blades lanceolate, margins plane; perianths ochroleucous or pale yellow or rarely yellow; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous; Rio Blanco County, Colorado	Eriogonum ephedroides
30	Perianths usually yellow	> 31
30	Perianths white to ochroleucous or rose	> 32
31	Scapes and involucres glandular; w Montana	Eriogonum crosbyae
31	Scapes and involucres not glandular; sw Wyoming, nw Colorado	Eriogonum brevicaule
32	Perianths pustulose; leaf blades 0.4-1.5 cm; involucres tomentose; Montana, ne Wyoming	> 33
32	Perianths not pustulose; leaf blades 1-6 cm; involucres usually glabrous except for hairs on teeth; widespread	> 34
33	Involucres 2-5 per cluster, not rigid; flowering stem scapelike, inflorescence bracts 3-5; peduncles absent	Eriogonum mancum
33	Involucres 1 per node, rigid; flowering stems and inflorescence bracts absent; peduncles present	Eriogonum soliceps
34	Peduncles 0.1-0.4 cm; inflorescences cymose-umbellate; flowering stems glabrous or floccose to tomentose; leaf blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, (2-)3-6 × 0.1-0.3 cm; nc Colorado and se Wyoming	Eriogonum exilifolium
34	Peduncles absent; inflorescences capitate or subcapitate to cymose-umbellate; flowering stems glabrous or tomentose; leaf blades linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate to lanceolate or narrowly spatulate to elliptic, 1-4(-5) × 0.1-1 cm; Great Plains or Rocky Mountains	> 35
35	Flowering stems glabrous; Rocky Mountains, Colorado, above 2800 m	Eriogonum coloradense
35	Flowering stems tomentose; Great Plains, Montana to Colorado, below 1800 m	Eriogonum pauciflorum

Key 6—Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Great Plains States, and Texas

1	Plants shrubs or subshrubs	> 2
1	Plants herbs	> 6
2	Tepals strongly dimorphic; w Texas	Eriogonum suffruticosum
2	Tepals monomorphic; Great Plains, including Texas	> 3
3	Leaf blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 0.1-0.3 cm wide; wc Kansas	Eriogonum helichrysoides
3	Leaf blades oblanceolate to oblong, elliptic or obovate, 0.2-2.5 cm wide; widespread	> 4
4	Leaf blades (1-)1.5-2.5 cm wide; Deaf Smith County, Texas	Eriogonum corymbosum
4	Leaf blades 0.2-0.7 cm wide; widespread	> 5
5	Inflorescences cymose, with involucres not racemosely arranged; leaves not fasciculate; n Great Plains	Eriogonum effusum
5	Inflorescences virgate or somewhat cymose, with involucres racemosely arranged; leaves often fasciculate; w Texas	Eriogonum wrightii
6	Perianths glabrous; n Great Plains	> 7
6	Perianths pubescent; Great Plains or Texas	> 8
7	Perianths usually yellow, rarely white or cream	Eriogonum brevicaule
7	Perianths whitish brown to rose	Eriogonum pauciflorum
8	Perianths whitish brown to rose, sparsely pubescent; plants loosely matted; n Great Plains	Eriogonum pauciflorum
8	Perianths yellow, densely white-pubescent; plants not matted; s Great Plains or Texas	> 9
9	Achenes villous to tomentose; sw Kansas, w Oklahoma, Texas	Eriogonum lachnogynum
9	Achenes glabrous; w Texas	Eriogonum havardii