Distribution

Europe, introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia.

Discussion

Subspecies 3 (1 in the flora).

With its five- to nine-lobed leaves and glabrous stems and leaves, Cymbalaria muralis is distinctive within Cymbalaria. Three subspecies are recognized; only subsp. muralis occurs in North America (D. A. Sutton 1988); it is distributed widely throughout the world. Subspecies visianii (Kümmerle ex Jávorka) D. A. Webb and subsp. pubescens (J. Presl & C. Presl) D. A. Webb occur in Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. The pedicels of C. muralis elongate and recurve during fruit maturation, which results in significant amounts of short-range seed dispersal (T. Junghans and E. Fischer 2007).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Cymbalaria muralis subsp. muralis