Festuca hyperborea
Plants densely cespitose, with¬out rhizomes. Culms 5-15(20) cm, up to twice as tall as the vegetative shoot leaves, usually erect, sometimes semi-prostrate, glabrous, smooth. Sheaths closed for about 1/2 their length, glabrous, persistent; collars glabrous; ligules 0.1-0.5 mm; blades 0.5-1 mm in diameter, conduplicate, often curved or somewhat falcate, abaxial surfaces smooth or sparsely scabrous, adaxial surfaces scabrous, veins 5-7, ribs 3-5; abaxial sclerenchyma in 3-7 strands, usually less than twice as wide as high; adaxial sclerenchyma absent. Flag leaf sheaths usually somewhat inflated; flag leaf blades 0.5-5(8) mm. Inflorescences 1-2(2.5) cm, contracted, usually panicles, sometimes racemes, with 1-2 branches per node; branches erect, lower branches usually with 1-2 spikelets, sometimes more. Spikelets (3)4-5.5(7) mm, with 3-4(6) florets. Glumes exceeded by the upper florets, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly glabrous and smooth, sometimes scabrous distally; lower glumes 1-3.5 mm; upper glumes 2.2-3.2 mm; lemmas 2.9-3.5(4.4) mm, ovate, apices scabrous and minutely bidentate, awns (0.5)1.4-2(3) mm, usually slightly subterminal, curved or slightly twisted; paleas about as long as or slightly longer than the lemmas, intercostal region smooth or scabrous distally; anthers 0.4-0.8(1.1) mm; ovary apices glabrous. 2n = 28.
Distribution
Greenland, Nfld. And Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., Nunavut, Que., Yukon
Discussion
Festuca hyperborea is a high arctic species that grows from Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic east to Greenland and south to Quebec. It differs from F. brachyphylla (p. 428) in its semi-prostrate habit, the loose sheaths and short blades of its flag leaves, the more pronounced ribs in its lower leaf blades, and its subterminal awn. It differs from F. edlundiae (see next) in having flag leaf blades shorter than 5 mm and smaller spikelets. It has frequently been included in F. ovina (p. 422).
Selected References
None.