Pentagramma
Amer. Fern J. 80: 15. 1990.
Plants on rock or terrestrial. Stems short-creeping, erect or ascending, sometimes branched; scales sharply bicolored with black, hard, central stripe and tan margins, narrowly lanceolate, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic, clustered, 5–40 cm. Petiole chestnut-brown to black, rounded or nearly so adaxially, glabrous, farinose, or viscid-glandular, with single vascular-bundle. Blade triangular-pentagonal, 1–2-pinnate-pinnatifid proximally, pinnatifid distally, herbaceous to leathery, abaxially usually farinose, farina white or yellow, adaxially glabrous or glandular, dull, not striate; rachis straight. Ultimate segments sessile, adnate to rachis and costae their full width, triangular to lanceolate, margins not recurved to form false indusia. Veins of ultimate segments free, obscure, pinnately branched and divergent distally. False indusia absent. Sporangia borne along veins, containing 64 spores, intermixed with farina-producing glands. Spores tan to brown, distinctly trigonal, coarsely tuberculate, tubercules usually somewhat fused, lacking prominent equatorial flange. Gametophytes glabrous. x = 30.
Distribution
North America, nw Mexico.
Discussion
Until recently, Pentagramma was included in Pityrogramma, based on superficial morphologic similarities between the two groups. Differences in leaf morphology, anatomy of the petioles, spore ornamentation, and presumed basal chromosome numbers suggest that the two genera are not closely related and are best placed in different tribes of the Pteridaceae. Within Pentagramma, species limits are not well understood, and workers have advocated recognition of one to three species, with several additional, morphologically cryptic taxa also indicated (but not named). A detailed examination of infra- and interpopulational variation in the group using modern techniques is needed.
Species 2 (2 in the flora).
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Petioles, especially in young leaves, and stem apices farinose; blades white-farinose abaxially and adaxially, appearing grayish adaxially when fresh. | Pentagramma pallida |
| 1 | Petioles and stem apices glabrous or somewhat glandular, petioles rarely farinose (in P. triangularis subsp. maxonii); blades yellow- or white-farinose abaxially, glabrous or with scattered, clear, nonfarinose glands adaxially, appearing bright green or sometimes yellowish green adaxially when fresh. | Pentagramma triangularis |