Moringa oleifera

Lamarck in J. Lamarck et al.

in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 1: 398. 1785.

Common names: Drumstick or horseradish or Ben tree
Basionym: Guilandina moringa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 381. 1753
Synonyms: Hyperanthera moringa (Linnaeus) Vahl
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 168.
Revision as of 22:52, 16 December 2019 by FNA>Volume Importer

Plants 1–10 m, to 40 cm diam. Roots tuberous when young, woody with age. Bark pale gray or tan, smooth or finely rugose. Stems often canelike, becoming pendent with age, glabrous or finely puberulent. Leaves with pungent odor of horseradish; 30–60 cm, leaflets distributed on 4–8 pairs of pinnae; pinnae largest near base of leaf, 2 or 3 pinnate; leaflets 75–150, distalmost pairs represented by pairs of single leaflets along main rachis; blades bright to dark green, (0.5–)1–2(–3) × (0.3–)0.5–1.5(–2) mm, base rounded to cuneate, apex rounded to emarginate, glands 3–5 mm (smaller at blade apex). Panicles (5–)10–25(–35) cm, each flower subtended by glandular bract. Pedicels 5–10(–20) mm; bracteoles 2. Flowers sweet-scented, 2–3 cm; sepals 10–20 × 3–4 mm, proximal ones usually reflexed, usually puberulent, distalmost pair usually largest, ± erect, enclosing banner petal, or ± reflexed; petals cream, 1–2 cm, distalmost banner petal ± erect, others usually ± reflexed; filaments and staminodes 7–10 mm, basally pubescent, adherent distally proximal to banner petal and anthers in a 3-tiered presentation; receptacle cup-shaped, 3–4 mm; gynophore 2–3 mm, appressed to banner petal; ovary 3–5 mm, with 3 ridges. Capsules tan, 10–30(–55) × 1.5–3 cm, apex beaked, 3 (or 4)-angled; valves silvery inside. Seeds pale to dark brown, globular, 3-winged; cotyledons exuding oil when compressed.


Phenology: Flowering when leafless at end of dry season, fruiting as leaves emerge.
Habitat: Roadways, disturbed areas
Elevation: 0-1000 m

Distribution

V7 202-distribution-map.gif

Ariz., Calif., Fla., Asia (India), introduced widely elsewhere.

Discussion

Moringa oleifera is probably native to lowland dry tropical forests of northwestern India; recent collection information is lacking. It is cultivated in tropical countries as an ornamental and agricultural crop. It is occasionally reported as re-seeding along roadways and in other disturbed areas; there are no reports of M. oleifera invading intact habitats.

Moringa oleifera is often mistaken for a papilionoid legume or for a member of the Bignoniaceae. It is easily distinguished from both by stalked glands at the leaf base and at rachis articulations and by its pungent horseradish odor. The three-valved fruits with three-winged seeds also readily distinguish M. oleifera from both of those families. All parts of the plant are of economic importance: leaves are highly nutritious, flowers are edible, seeds contain large quantities of high-quality oil, and presscake remaining after oil extraction contains one of the most powerful plant-derived flocculants known, used for clarifying turbid water. Roots are used as a horseradishlike condiment. Moringa oleifera is extremely fast growing (to 7 m in first year from seed), with fruit yields ca. 10 tons/ha/yr.

Moringa pterygosperma Gaertner is a commonly cited synonym of M. oleifera. However, the name is illegitimate as it is based on Guilandia moringa.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Moringa oleifera"
Mark E. Olson +
Lamarck in J. Lamarck et al. +
Guilandina moringa +
Drumstick or horseradish or Ben tree +
Ariz. +, Calif. +, Fla. +, Asia (India) +  and introduced widely elsewhere. +
0-1000 m +
Roadways, disturbed areas +
Flowering when leafless at end of dry season, fruiting as leaves emerge. +
in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. +
Hyperanthera moringa +
Moringa oleifera +
species +