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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree some measurement"><b>Trees,</b> to 28 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk quantity;crown size or width;crown shape">trunks often several, crowns narrow or pyramidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;bark coloration;plate depth;plate shape"><b>Bark </b>gray, smooth, darkening and breaking into shallow rectangular plates in age;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="lenticel prominence">lenticels inconspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="bud season;bud architecture;bud shape;bud some measurement;apex shape;apex length or size"><b>Winter </b>buds stipitate, ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, apex rounded, long;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stalk some measurement">stalks 2–8 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="scale quantity;outer scale quantity;outer scale variability;outer scale arrangement or dehiscence;outer scale coating">scales 2–3, outer 2 equal and valvate, usually heavily resin-coated.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;leaf-blade texture;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;secondary tooth size;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade ovate to elliptic, 6–16 × 3–11 cm, leathery, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, deeply doubly serrate or crenate, with distinctly larger secondary teeth, apex acute to obtuse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence prominence"><b>Inflorescences </b>formed season before flowering and exposed during winter;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–6, 3.5–14 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin some measurement">sistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3–8.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="catkin life cycle;growth life cycle"><b>Flowering </b>before new growth in spring.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="infructescence shape;infructescence shape;infructescence shape;infructescence length;infructescence width"><b>Infructescences </b>ovoid to nearly globose, 1–3.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="peduncle some measurement">peduncles 1–10 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="samara shape;samara shape"><b>Samaras </b>ovate or elliptic, wings much narrower than body, irregularly elliptic to obovate, leathery.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="wing width;wing shape;wing shape;wing shape;wing texture;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 28.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> to 28 m; trunks often several, crowns narrow or pyramidal. <b>Bark</b> gray, smooth, darkening and breaking into shallow rectangular plates in age; lenticels inconspicuous. <b>Winter</b> buds stipitate, ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, apex rounded, long; stalks 2–8 mm; scales 2–3, outer 2 equal and valvate, usually heavily resin-coated. <b>Leaf</b> blade ovate to elliptic, 6–16 × 3–11 cm, leathery, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, deeply doubly serrate or crenate, with distinctly larger secondary teeth, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent. <b>Inflorescences</b> formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–6, 3.5–14 cm; sistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3–8. <b>Flowering</b> before new growth in spring. <b>Infructescences</b> ovoid to nearly globose, 1–3.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm; peduncles 1–10 mm. <b>Samaras</b> ovate or elliptic, wings much narrower than body, irregularly elliptic to obovate, leathery. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!-- |
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| | |publication year=1833 | | |publication year=1833 |
| | |special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated;Weedy | | |special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated;Weedy |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_6.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_6.xml |
| | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae |
| | |genus=Alnus | | |genus=Alnus |
| | |species=Alnus rubra | | |species=Alnus rubra |
| − | |2n chromosome quantity=28
| |
| − | |apex length or size=long
| |
| − | |apex shape=acute;obtuse
| |
| − | |bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |bark coloration=darkening;gray
| |
| − | |base shape=broadly cuneate;rounded
| |
| − | |bud architecture=stipitate
| |
| − | |bud season=winter
| |
| − | |bud shape=ellipsoid
| |
| − | |bud some measurement=6mm;10mm
| |
| − | |catkin architecture=staminate
| |
| − | |catkin life cycle=flowering
| |
| − | |catkin some measurement=3.5cm;14cm
| |
| − | |crown shape=pyramidal
| |
| − | |crown size or width=narrow
| |
| − | |growth life cycle=new
| |
| − | |inflorescence prominence=exposed
| |
| − | |infructescence length=1cm;3.5cm
| |
| − | |infructescence shape=ovoid;nearly globose
| |
| − | |infructescence width=0.6cm;1.5cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade length=6cm;16cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade shape=ovate;elliptic
| |
| − | |leaf-blade texture=leathery
| |
| − | |leaf-blade width=3cm;11cm
| |
| − | |lenticel prominence=inconspicuous
| |
| − | |margin shape=crenate;serrate;revolute
| |
| − | |outer scale arrangement or dehiscence=valvate
| |
| − | |outer scale coating=resin-coated
| |
| − | |outer scale quantity=2
| |
| − | |outer scale variability=equal
| |
| − | |peduncle some measurement=1mm;10mm
| |
| − | |plate depth=shallow
| |
| − | |plate shape=rectangular
| |
| − | |samara shape=elliptic;ovate
| |
| − | |scale quantity=2;3
| |
| − | |secondary tooth size=larger
| |
| − | |stalk some measurement=2mm;8mm
| |
| − | |surface pubescence=abaxially glabrous;sparsely pubescent
| |
| − | |tree some measurement=0m;28m
| |
| − | |trunk quantity=several
| |
| − | |wing shape=irregularly elliptic;obovate
| |
| − | |wing texture=leathery
| |
| − | |wing width=much narrower
| |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Alnus]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Alnus]] |
Trees, to 28 m; trunks often several, crowns narrow or pyramidal. Bark gray, smooth, darkening and breaking into shallow rectangular plates in age; lenticels inconspicuous. Winter buds stipitate, ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, apex rounded, long; stalks 2–8 mm; scales 2–3, outer 2 equal and valvate, usually heavily resin-coated. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 6–16 × 3–11 cm, leathery, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, deeply doubly serrate or crenate, with distinctly larger secondary teeth, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–6, 3.5–14 cm; sistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3–8. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid to nearly globose, 1–3.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm; peduncles 1–10 mm. Samaras ovate or elliptic, wings much narrower than body, irregularly elliptic to obovate, leathery. 2n = 28.
Phenology: Flowering early spring.
Habitat: Stream banks, moist flood plains, lake shores, wet slopes, and sandy, open coasts
Elevation: 0–300 m
Distribution
B.C., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Oreg., Wash.
Discussion
Alnus rubra is the largest alder in North America north of Mexico; it often forms extensive stands along streams and on low-lying flood plains in the Pacific Northwest. The strongly revolute margins of its leaf blades make it easily distinguished from all of the other alders in the flora. It is an important commercial tree; the wood is used to make inexpensive furniture, small wooden items, and paper pulp.
Native Americans used various parts of plants of Alnus rubra medicinally as a purgative, an emetic, for aching bones, headaches, coughs, biliousness, stomach problems, scrofula sores, tuberculosis, asthma, and eczema, and as a general panacea (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.
