Difference between revisions of "Hydrastis"
Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1088. 1759.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from creeping, yellow, thick rhizomes. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, simple, petiolate; cauline leaves alternate. <b>Leaf</b> blade palmately 3-9-lobed [variously divided], broadly cordate-orbiculate, margins serrate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, solitary flowers; bracts absent. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 3, greenish white to creamy white, plane, ovate, oval, or elliptic, 3.5-7 mm; petals absent; stamens 50-75; filaments abruptly narrowed near apex; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 5-15, simple; ovules 2 per ovary; style short. <b>Fruits</b> berries, aggregate, sessile, spheric, sides not veined; beak terminal, ± straight, 0.6-1 mm. <b>Seeds</b> black, ellipsoid, smooth, lustrous. <b>x</b> = 13.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | |distribution=e North America;Asia (Japan) | + | |distribution=e North America;Asia (Japan). |
|discussion=<p>Species 2 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 2 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
--><p>Many classifications have included Hydrastis within Ranunculaceae (A. Cronquist 1981; W. C. Gregory 1941; O. F. Langlet 1932; M. Tamura 1963, 1968, 1993). Recent workers (H. Tobe and R. C. Keating 1985; A. L. Takhtajan 1987), however, have assigned Hydrastis to its own family, intermediate between Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. Phylogenetic studies by S. B. Hoot (1991) confirmed the isolated position of Hydrastis and suggested that characteristics such as the following justify its exclusion from Ranunculaceae: undifferentiated mesophyll, xylem straight (instead of V-shaped) in cross section, scalariform perforations in the vessels, micropyle defined by two integuments, pollen with a distinct striate-reticulate tectum, and a base chromosome number of x = 13 (as opposed to 6, 7, 8, or 9).</p><!-- | --><p>Many classifications have included Hydrastis within Ranunculaceae (A. Cronquist 1981; W. C. Gregory 1941; O. F. Langlet 1932; M. Tamura 1963, 1968, 1993). Recent workers (H. Tobe and R. C. Keating 1985; A. L. Takhtajan 1987), however, have assigned Hydrastis to its own family, intermediate between Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. Phylogenetic studies by S. B. Hoot (1991) confirmed the isolated position of Hydrastis and suggested that characteristics such as the following justify its exclusion from Ranunculaceae: undifferentiated mesophyll, xylem straight (instead of V-shaped) in cross section, scalariform perforations in the vessels, micropyle defined by two integuments, pollen with a distinct striate-reticulate tectum, and a base chromosome number of x = 13 (as opposed to 6, 7, 8, or 9).</p><!-- | ||
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Ranunculaceae | |family=Ranunculaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=e North America;Asia (Japan) | + | |distribution=e North America;Asia (Japan). |
|reference=eichenberger1976a;keener1993a;massey1983a;tobe1985a | |reference=eichenberger1976a;keener1993a;massey1983a;tobe1985a | ||
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed. | |publication title=Syst. Nat. ed. | ||
|publication year=1759 | |publication year=1759 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna- | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_496.xml |
|genus=Hydrastis | |genus=Hydrastis | ||
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Revision as of 13:42, 27 July 2019
Herbs, perennial, from creeping, yellow, thick rhizomes. Leaves basal and cauline, simple, petiolate; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade palmately 3-9-lobed [variously divided], broadly cordate-orbiculate, margins serrate. Inflorescences terminal, solitary flowers; bracts absent. Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 3, greenish white to creamy white, plane, ovate, oval, or elliptic, 3.5-7 mm; petals absent; stamens 50-75; filaments abruptly narrowed near apex; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 5-15, simple; ovules 2 per ovary; style short. Fruits berries, aggregate, sessile, spheric, sides not veined; beak terminal, ± straight, 0.6-1 mm. Seeds black, ellipsoid, smooth, lustrous. x = 13.
Distribution
e North America, Asia (Japan).
Discussion
Species 2 (1 in the flora).
Many classifications have included Hydrastis within Ranunculaceae (A. Cronquist 1981; W. C. Gregory 1941; O. F. Langlet 1932; M. Tamura 1963, 1968, 1993). Recent workers (H. Tobe and R. C. Keating 1985; A. L. Takhtajan 1987), however, have assigned Hydrastis to its own family, intermediate between Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. Phylogenetic studies by S. B. Hoot (1991) confirmed the isolated position of Hydrastis and suggested that characteristics such as the following justify its exclusion from Ranunculaceae: undifferentiated mesophyll, xylem straight (instead of V-shaped) in cross section, scalariform perforations in the vessels, micropyle defined by two integuments, pollen with a distinct striate-reticulate tectum, and a base chromosome number of x = 13 (as opposed to 6, 7, 8, or 9).
C. S. Keener (1993) challenged these conclusions, stating that features such as scalariform perforations in vessels, striate-reticulate pollen, and the micropyle defined by two integuments are found in other genera within Ranunculaceae. Only straight xylem in cross section and the base chromosome number are distinctive. Whether these features warrant segregation of Hydrastis into its own family is debatable. Decisions involving the circumscription of this genus await a molecular study involving Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, and related families.