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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree architecture;tree some measurement"><b>Trees,</b> evergreen, single-trunked, to 37 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;bark pubescence or relief;bark width;bark architecture;plate width"><b>Bark </b>gray, rough, thick, furrowed in thick plates.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="pith architecture"><b>Pith </b>diaphragmed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="twig coloration;twig pubescence;foliar bud coloration;foliar bud pubescence"><b>Twigs </b>and foliar buds densely red or white-hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf arrangement;terminal cluster arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stipule quantity;stipule fusion;stipule length;stipule width;stipule pubescence;stipule shape">stipules 2, free, 4.5-13 × 1.5-3.5 cm, abaxially densely brown-silky, sometimes deeply notched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade width;leaf-blade texture;base shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or oblanceolate, (7.5-) 13-20 (-26) × (4.5-) 6-10 (-12.5) cm, thick-leathery, base narrowly cuneate, apex abruptly tapered and acute to short-acuminate, rarely obtuse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface coloration;surface reflectance;surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially glabrous to densely redbrown felted, adaxially bright green, lustrous, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower odor;flower odor;flower atypical some measurement;flower some measurement"><b>Flowers </b>strongly lemony fragrant, 15-30 (-45) cm across;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="beak architecture;beak quantity;beak texture;outer bract coloration;outer bract coloration;outer bract coloration;outer bract pubescence;outer bract shape;outer bract size;inner bract coloration;inner bract coloration;inner bract coloration;inner bract pubescence;inner bract shape;inner bract size">spathaceous bracts 2, leathery, outer bract abaxially brown to grayish pilose, deeply notched, smaller, inner bract adaxially densely brown to grayish pilose, shallowly notched, larger;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tepal coloration">tepals creamy white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen some measurement">stamens (179-) 213-383 (-405), 16-29 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="filament coloration or density">filaments purple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil atypical quantity;pistil atypical quantity;pistil quantity">pistils (45-) 55-81 (-89).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="follicetum shape;follicetum shape;follicetum length;follicetum width"><b>Follicetums </b>cylindric to somewhat obovoid, 7-10 × 3.5-5 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="follicle architecture or shape;follicle pubescence">follicles beaked, sparsely to densely silky-villous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed atypical some measurement;seed some measurement;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>lenticular to narrowly ellipsoid, (9-) 12-14 mm, adaxially slightly grooved, aril red.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="aril coloration;2n chromosome quantity">2n=114.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> evergreen, single-trunked, to 37 m. <b>Bark</b> gray, rough, thick, furrowed in thick plates. <b>Pith</b> diaphragmed. <b>Twigs</b> and foliar buds densely red- or white-hairy. <b>Leaves</b> distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 2, free, 4.5-13 × 1.5-3.5 cm, abaxially densely brown-silky, sometimes deeply notched. <b>Leaf</b> blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or oblanceolate, (7.5-)13-20(-26) × (4.5-)6-10(-12.5) cm, thick-leathery, base narrowly cuneate, apex abruptly tapered and acute to short-acuminate, rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to densely red-brown felted, adaxially bright green, lustrous, glabrous. <b>Flowers</b> strongly lemony fragrant, 15-30(-45) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, leathery, outer bract abaxially brown to grayish pilose, deeply notched, smaller, inner bract adaxially densely brown to grayish pilose, shallowly notched, larger; tepals creamy white; stamens (179-)213-383(-405), 16-29 mm; filaments purple; pistils (45-)55-81(-89). <b>Follicetums</b> cylindric to somewhat obovoid, 7-10 × 3.5-5 cm; follicles beaked, sparsely to densely silky-villous. <b>Seeds</b> lenticular to narrowly ellipsoid, (9-)12-14 mm, adaxially slightly grooved, aril red. <b>2n</b>=114.</span><!-- |
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| | |publication year=1759 | | |publication year=1759 |
| | |special status=Endemic | | |special status=Endemic |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_1021.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1021.xml |
| | |genus=Magnolia | | |genus=Magnolia |
| | |species=Magnolia grandiflora | | |species=Magnolia grandiflora |
| − | |2n chromosome quantity=114
| |
| − | |apex shape=obtuse;acute;short-acuminate
| |
| − | |aril coloration=red
| |
| − | |bark architecture=furrowed
| |
| − | |bark coloration=gray
| |
| − | |bark pubescence or relief=rough
| |
| − | |bark width=thick
| |
| − | |base shape=cuneate
| |
| − | |beak architecture=spathaceous
| |
| − | |beak quantity=2
| |
| − | |beak texture=leathery
| |
| − | |filament coloration or density=purple
| |
| − | |flower atypical some measurement=30cm;45cm
| |
| − | |flower odor=fragrant;lemony
| |
| − | |flower some measurement=15cm;30cm
| |
| − | |foliar bud coloration=red
| |
| − | |foliar bud pubescence=white-hairy
| |
| − | |follicetum length=7cm;10cm
| |
| − | |follicetum shape=obovoid;cylindric to somewhat
| |
| − | |follicetum width=3.5cm;5cm
| |
| − | |follicle architecture or shape=beaked
| |
| − | |follicle pubescence=silky-villous
| |
| − | |inner bract coloration=adaxially densely brown;grayish
| |
| − | |inner bract pubescence=pilose
| |
| − | |inner bract shape=notched
| |
| − | |inner bract size=larger
| |
| − | |leaf arrangement=alternate
| |
| − | |leaf-blade atypical length=20cm;26cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade atypical width=10cm;12.5cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade length=13cm;20cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade shape=oblanceolate;elliptic
| |
| − | |leaf-blade texture=thick-leathery
| |
| − | |leaf-blade width=6cm;10cm
| |
| − | |outer bract coloration=abaxially brown;grayish
| |
| − | |outer bract pubescence=pilose
| |
| − | |outer bract shape=notched
| |
| − | |outer bract size=smaller
| |
| − | |pistil atypical quantity=81;89
| |
| − | |pistil quantity=55;81
| |
| − | |pith architecture=diaphragmed
| |
| − | |plate width=thick
| |
| − | |seed architecture=grooved
| |
| − | |seed atypical some measurement=9mm;12mm
| |
| − | |seed shape=lenticular;narrowly ellipsoid
| |
| − | |seed some measurement=12mm;14mm
| |
| − | |stamen atypical quantity=383;405
| |
| − | |stamen quantity=213;383
| |
| − | |stamen some measurement=16mm;29mm
| |
| − | |stipule fusion=free
| |
| − | |stipule length=4.5cm;13cm
| |
| − | |stipule pubescence=brown-silky
| |
| − | |stipule quantity=2
| |
| − | |stipule shape=notched
| |
| − | |stipule width=1.5cm;3.5cm
| |
| − | |surface coloration=bright green
| |
| − | |surface pubescence=glabrous;abaxially glabrous;densely redbrown felted
| |
| − | |surface reflectance=lustrous
| |
| − | |tepal coloration=creamy white
| |
| − | |terminal cluster arrangement=whorl-like
| |
| − | |tree architecture=single-trunked
| |
| − | |tree duration=evergreen
| |
| − | |tree some measurement=0m;37m
| |
| − | |twig coloration=red
| |
| − | |twig pubescence=white-hairy
| |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Magnolia]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Magnolia]] |
Trees, evergreen, single-trunked, to 37 m. Bark gray, rough, thick, furrowed in thick plates. Pith diaphragmed. Twigs and foliar buds densely red- or white-hairy. Leaves distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 2, free, 4.5-13 × 1.5-3.5 cm, abaxially densely brown-silky, sometimes deeply notched. Leaf blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or oblanceolate, (7.5-)13-20(-26) × (4.5-)6-10(-12.5) cm, thick-leathery, base narrowly cuneate, apex abruptly tapered and acute to short-acuminate, rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to densely red-brown felted, adaxially bright green, lustrous, glabrous. Flowers strongly lemony fragrant, 15-30(-45) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, leathery, outer bract abaxially brown to grayish pilose, deeply notched, smaller, inner bract adaxially densely brown to grayish pilose, shallowly notched, larger; tepals creamy white; stamens (179-)213-383(-405), 16-29 mm; filaments purple; pistils (45-)55-81(-89). Follicetums cylindric to somewhat obovoid, 7-10 × 3.5-5 cm; follicles beaked, sparsely to densely silky-villous. Seeds lenticular to narrowly ellipsoid, (9-)12-14 mm, adaxially slightly grooved, aril red. 2n=114.
Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Wooded dunes, hammocks, river bottoms, mesic woods, and ravine slopes, coastal plain
Elevation: 0-120m
Distribution
Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex.
Discussion
Magnolia grandiflora (a hexaploid) is highly variable, especially the leaves, which range from glabrous to densely red-brown felted on the abaxial surface. It is the only magnolia species in the flora with free stipules, and the inner spathaceous bract is unique among Magnolia taxa in the flora. Curled filiform trichomes occur on the abaxial leaf surface. In the wild, hybrids with M. virginiana (a diploid) have been reported but not confirmed by the present author. The compatibility of these taxa is well known from the Freeman hybrid, a highly sterile tetraploid growing at the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. In crosses using the hexaploid M. grandiflora, this parent is dominant and nearly masks the other parent.
Magnolia grandiflora is an escape, and it naturalizes in the tidewater area of Virginia and locally elsewhere beyond its natural range in the southeastern United States. It ranks among the noblest of North American broadleaved trees and is cultivated widely in the United States and in many other countries. A large number of cultivars have been introduced to horticulture.
Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) is the state tree of both Louisiana and Mississippi.
The largest known tree of Magnolia grandiflora, 37.2m in height with a trunk diameter of 1.97m, is recorded from Smith County, Mississippi (American Forestry Association 1994).
The Choctaw and Koasati tribes used the bark of Magnolia grandiflora as dermatological and kidney aids (D.A. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.
