Difference between revisions of "Vaccaria hispanica"
Feddes Repert. 73: 52. 1966.
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|common_names=Cowherb;cowcockle;saponaire des vaches | |common_names=Cowherb;cowcockle;saponaire des vaches | ||
| + | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=W | ||
| + | |label=Weedy | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=I | ||
| + | |label=Introduced | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=F | ||
| + | |label=Illustrated | ||
| + | }} | ||
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym | ||
|name=Saponaria hispanica | |name=Saponaria hispanica | ||
| Line 50: | Line 60: | ||
|elevation=0-2400 m | |elevation=0-2400 m | ||
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;widely naturalized elsewhere. | |distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;widely naturalized elsewhere. | ||
| + | |introduced=true | ||
|discussion=<p>If the genus <i>Vaccaria</i> is treated as monotypic, <i>V. hispanica</i> then includes four subspecies, and our material is subsp. hispanica. <i>Vaccaria hispanica</i> still occasionally is included in <i>Saponaria</i> (e.g., F. Swink and G. S. Wilhelm 1994). Once a common weed of grain fields (like <i>Agrostemma githago</i>), it is now increasingly rare or has been extirpated in many localities; the distribution stated above may be the historical maximum, rather than current, North American distribution. The saponin-containing seeds of this species are poisonous upon ingestion.</p> | |discussion=<p>If the genus <i>Vaccaria</i> is treated as monotypic, <i>V. hispanica</i> then includes four subspecies, and our material is subsp. hispanica. <i>Vaccaria hispanica</i> still occasionally is included in <i>Saponaria</i> (e.g., F. Swink and G. S. Wilhelm 1994). Once a common weed of grain fields (like <i>Agrostemma githago</i>), it is now increasingly rare or has been extirpated in many localities; the distribution stated above may be the historical maximum, rather than current, North American distribution. The saponin-containing seeds of this species are poisonous upon ingestion.</p> | ||
|tables= | |tables= | ||
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|publication title=Feddes Repert. | |publication title=Feddes Repert. | ||
|publication year=1966 | |publication year=1966 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Weedy;Introduced;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_318.xml |
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae | |subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae | ||
|genus=Vaccaria | |genus=Vaccaria | ||
Latest revision as of 22:10, 5 November 2020
Plants glabrous, glaucous. Stems 20–100 cm. Leaf blades 2–10 cm, base cuneate to cordate. Cymes open, 16–50(–100)-flowered. Pedicels (5–)10–30(–55) mm. Flowers: calyx 9–17 mm, with 5 prominent, usually green, winged angles or ridges, each ridge with strong, cordlike marginal vein; petals with claw 8–14 mm, blade 3–8 mm. Capsules included in calyx tube. Seeds 2–2.5 mm wide. 2n = 30.
Phenology: Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat: Fields, waste places
Elevation: 0-2400 m
Distribution
Introduced; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Eurasia, widely naturalized elsewhere.
Discussion
If the genus Vaccaria is treated as monotypic, V. hispanica then includes four subspecies, and our material is subsp. hispanica. Vaccaria hispanica still occasionally is included in Saponaria (e.g., F. Swink and G. S. Wilhelm 1994). Once a common weed of grain fields (like Agrostemma githago), it is now increasingly rare or has been extirpated in many localities; the distribution stated above may be the historical maximum, rather than current, North American distribution. The saponin-containing seeds of this species are poisonous upon ingestion.
Selected References
None.