Difference between revisions of "Betula pumila"
Mant. Pl., 124. 1767.
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|name=Betula borealis | |name=Betula borealis | ||
|authority=Spach | |authority=Spach | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula glandulifera | |name=Betula glandulifera | ||
|authority=(Regel) B. T. Butler | |authority=(Regel) B. T. Butler | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera | |name=Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera | ||
|authority=(Regel) Gleason | |authority=(Regel) Gleason | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula glandulosa var. hallii | |name=Betula glandulosa var. hallii | ||
|authority=(Howell) C. L. Hitchcock | |authority=(Howell) C. L. Hitchcock | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula hallii | |name=Betula hallii | ||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula nana var. glandulifera | |name=Betula nana var. glandulifera | ||
|authority=(Regel) B. Boivin | |authority=(Regel) B. Boivin | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula pubescens subsp. borealis | |name=Betula pubescens subsp. borealis | ||
|authority=(Spach) A. Löve & D. Löve | |authority=(Spach) A. Löve & D. Löve | ||
| + | |rank=subspecies | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula pumila var. glabra | |name=Betula pumila var. glabra | ||
|authority=Regel | |authority=Regel | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula pumila var. glandulifera | |name=Betula pumila var. glandulifera | ||
|authority=Regel | |authority=Regel | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Betula pumila var. renifolia | |name=Betula pumila var. renifolia | ||
|authority=Fernald | |authority=Fernald | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula pumila | |hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula pumila | ||
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|elevation=0–700 m | |elevation=0–700 m | ||
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo. | |distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo. | ||
| − | |discussion=<p><i>Betula pumila</i> is sometimes treated (in part) as a variety of <i>B. glandulosa</i> Michaux, to which it is related at a subgeneric or sectional level. On the basis of morphology, however, it forms a cohesive and distinct entity (J. J. Furlow 1984). The two main varieties into which <i>B. pumila</i> is often divided (a more southern <i>B. pumila</i> < | + | |discussion=<p><i>Betula pumila</i> is sometimes treated (in part) as a variety of <i>B. glandulosa</i> Michaux, to which it is related at a subgeneric or sectional level. On the basis of morphology, however, it forms a cohesive and distinct entity (J. J. Furlow 1984). The two main varieties into which <i>B. pumila</i> is often divided (a more southern <i>B. pumila</i> <i></i>var.<i> pumila</i>, with mostly pubescent, glandless leaves, and a more northern <i>B. pumila</i> <i></i>var.<i> glandulifera</i>, with less pubescent, gland-bearing leaves) may represent geographic races; these are not well marked, however, and they do not hold up well when the complex is examined as a whole.</p><!-- |
--><p>The Ojibwa used <i>Betula pumila</i> medicinally as a gynecological aid and as a respiratory aid (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> | --><p>The Ojibwa used <i>Betula pumila</i> medicinally as a gynecological aid and as a respiratory aid (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> | ||
|tables= | |tables= | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Betula pumila | name=Betula pumila | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication year=1767 | |publication year=1767 | ||
|special status=Endemic | |special status=Endemic | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/ | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_681.xml |
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | ||
|genus=Betula | |genus=Betula | ||
Revision as of 21:30, 16 December 2019
Shrubs, coarse, irregular, or spreading, to 4 m. Bark dark reddish brown, smooth, close; lenticels pale, inconspicuous. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to moderately pubescent, with scattered small resinous glands, especially near nodes. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate, or nearly orbiculate (to sometimes reniform) with 2–6 pairs of lateral veins, 2.5–5(–7) × 1–5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins crenate to dentate, apex usually broadly acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent to heavily velutinous or tomentose, often with scattered resinous glands. Infructescences erect, cylindric, 0.8–1.5(–2) × 0.8–1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous to pubescent, lobes diverging slightly distal to middle, central lobe narrow, elongate, lateral lobes shorter and broader, extended. Samaras with wings slightly narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically. 2n = 56.
Phenology: Flowering late spring.
Habitat: Bogs, calcareous fens, wooded swamps, muskegs, lake shores
Elevation: 0–700 m
Distribution
St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo.
Discussion
Betula pumila is sometimes treated (in part) as a variety of B. glandulosa Michaux, to which it is related at a subgeneric or sectional level. On the basis of morphology, however, it forms a cohesive and distinct entity (J. J. Furlow 1984). The two main varieties into which B. pumila is often divided (a more southern B. pumila var. pumila, with mostly pubescent, glandless leaves, and a more northern B. pumila var. glandulifera, with less pubescent, gland-bearing leaves) may represent geographic races; these are not well marked, however, and they do not hold up well when the complex is examined as a whole.
The Ojibwa used Betula pumila medicinally as a gynecological aid and as a respiratory aid (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.