Difference between revisions of "Phyllanthus caroliniensis"

Walter

Fl. Carol., 228. 1788.

Common names: Carolina leafflower
Illustrated
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 339. Mentioned on page 335, 336, 340.
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|distribution=c;e United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;introduced in se Asia.
 
|distribution=c;e United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;introduced in se Asia.
 
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
 
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Phyllanthus caroliniensis</i> is the most widespread <i>Phyllanthus</i> in the flora area and in the Americas. In addition to the two subspecies in the flora, there are two others. Subspecies guianensis (Klotzsch) G. L. Webster, found in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, is similar to <i></i></i>subsp.<i><i> caroliniensis</i> but distinguished by longer stipules (1.5–2 mm versus 0.8–12 mm) and staminate nectary glands that are longer than wide (versus as wide or wider than long). Subspecies stenopterus (Müller Arg.) G. L. Webster, of southern Central America and northern South America, is recognizable by its narrowly winged stems.</p>
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--><p><i>Phyllanthus caroliniensis</i> is the most widespread <i>Phyllanthus</i> in the flora area and in the Americas. In addition to the two subspecies in the flora, there are two others. Subspecies guianensis (Klotzsch) G. L. Webster, found in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, is similar to <i></i>subsp.<i> caroliniensis</i> but distinguished by longer stipules (1.5–2 mm versus 0.8–12 mm) and staminate nectary glands that are longer than wide (versus as wide or wider than long). Subspecies stenopterus (Müller Arg.) G. L. Webster, of southern Central America and northern South America, is recognizable by its narrowly winged stems.</p>
 
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name=Phyllanthus caroliniensis
 
name=Phyllanthus caroliniensis
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|publication title=Fl. Carol.,
 
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|publication year=1788
 
|publication year=1788
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|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_410.xml
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|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_410.xml
 
|genus=Phyllanthus
 
|genus=Phyllanthus
 
|species=Phyllanthus caroliniensis
 
|species=Phyllanthus caroliniensis

Revision as of 18:57, 16 December 2019

Herbs, annual or perennial, without caudex or rhizomes, monoecious, 1–4.5 dm; branching not phyllanthoid. Stems terete, not winged [narrowly winged], glabrous or scabridulous. Leaves distichous; all well developed; stipules auriculate, pale brown or reddish brown; blade elliptic or oblong to obovate, 5–20(–30) × 2–10(–15) mm, base acute, apex obtuse to rounded and apiculate, both surfaces glabrous or scabridulous. Inflorescences cymules, bisexual, with 1–3(–5) pistillate flowers and 1–2 staminate flowers. Pedicels: staminate 0.5–1 mm, pistillate sharply reflexed in fruit, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm. Staminate flowers: sepals (5–)6, pale yellowish green, flat, 0.5–0.7 mm; nectary extrastaminal, 6 glands; stamens 3, filaments distinct. Pistillate flowers: sepals (5–)6(–7), green, often suffused with red, with scarious margins, flat, 0.6–1.4 mm, 1-veined; nectary cupular or annular, lobed or unlobed. Capsules 1.6–2 mm diam., smooth. Seeds uniformly brown, 0.7–1.1 mm, verrucose. 2n = 36 (subsp. guianensis, West Indies).

Distribution

V12 410-distribution-map.jpg

c, e United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, introduced in se Asia.

Discussion

Subspecies 4 (2 in the flora).

Phyllanthus caroliniensis is the most widespread Phyllanthus in the flora area and in the Americas. In addition to the two subspecies in the flora, there are two others. Subspecies guianensis (Klotzsch) G. L. Webster, found in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, is similar to subsp. caroliniensis but distinguished by longer stipules (1.5–2 mm versus 0.8–12 mm) and staminate nectary glands that are longer than wide (versus as wide or wider than long). Subspecies stenopterus (Müller Arg.) G. L. Webster, of southern Central America and northern South America, is recognizable by its narrowly winged stems.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Pistillate sepals 0.2–0.3 mm wide; leaf blade vein reticulum clearly visible abaxially; stems glabrous; cymules with 1 staminate and (1–)2–3(–5) pistillate flowers; pistillate nectary cupular, unlobed, enclosing ovary 1/3–1/2 length. Phyllanthus caroliniensis subsp. caroliniensis
1 Pistillate sepals (0.2–)0.3–0.5(–0.7) mm wide; leaf blade vein reticulum obscure or invisible abaxially; stems usually sparsely to densely scabridulous; cymules with 1–2 staminate and 1–2 pistillate flowers; pistillate nectary annular, unlobed or 6-lobed, enclosing ovary basally. Phyllanthus caroliniensis subsp. saxicola
... more about "Phyllanthus caroliniensis"
Geoffrey A. Levin +
Walter +
Carolina leafflower +
Ala. +, Ark. +, D.C. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.C. +, N.J. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, South America +  and introduced in se Asia. +
Fl. Carol., +
Illustrated +
Reverchonia +
Phyllanthus caroliniensis +
Phyllanthus +
species +