Dichanthelium oligosanthes

Plants cespitose, with caudices. Basal rosettes well-differentiated; blades 2-6 cm, few, ovate to lanceolate. Culms 20-75 cm, geniculate basally, stiffly erect distally; nodes glabrous or sparsely pubescent; internodes often purplish, glabrous, puberulent, or papillose-hirsute; fall phase branching from the midculm nodes, branches initially ascending to erect, sometimes developing simultaneously with and overtopping the primary panicles, later rebranching to form short, bushy clumps of blades and small, included secondary panicles. Cauline leaves 5-7; sheaths not overlapping, glabrous, puberulent, or ascending papillose-hispid, margins ciliate, collars loose, puberulent; ligules 1-3 mm, of hairs; blades 5-12 cm long, 4-15 mm wide, flat or partly involute, glabrous or pubescent abaxially, with 7-9 major veins only slightly more prominent than the minor veins, bases ciliate, rounded to truncate, margins cartilaginous. Primary panicles 5-9 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, partly enclosed to long-exserted, with 6-60 spikelets; branches stiff or wiry, puberulent or scabridulous. Spikelets 2.7-4.2 mm long, 1.7-2.4 mm wide, ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, turgid, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Lower glumes 1-1.6 mm, acute, similar in texture and vein prominence to the upper glumes; upper glumes strongly veined, often orange to purplish at the base; lower florets sterile; upper florets with minutely umbonate apices. 2n = 18.

Distribution

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Wash., Va., Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Fla., Wyo., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., Tex., La., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., Okla., N.Y., Maine, Colo., Calif., Ala., Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., S.Dak., Ark., Vt., Ill., Ga., Ind., Iowa, Ariz., Idaho, Conn., Md., Mass., Ohio, Utah, Mo., Minn., Mich., R.I., Mont., Miss., Ky., Oreg.

Discussion

Dichanthelium oligosanthes grows throughout the southern portion of the Flora region and extends into northern Mexico. The primary panicles are briefly open-pollinated, then cleistogamous, from late May to early June; the secondary panicles, which are produced from June to November, are cleistogamous. The subspecies intergrade in areas of overlapping range, but they are usually distinct elsewhere.

Specimens of Dichanthelium oligosanthes that have few elongated internodes, but those elongated more than usual, are often mistaken for D. wilcoxianum. Unlike that species, however, they have turgid spikelets with an orange spot at the base of the lemma, indicating that they belong to D. oligosanthes. Such specimens seem to be most common among collections made in the southern and southwestern states during November, February, or March.

Sterile hybrids with Dichanthelium acuminatum have often been called Panicum scoparioid.es Ashe. Apparent hybrids with D. malacophyllum, D. ovale, and D. acuminatum subsp. columbianum are occasionally found.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. oligosanthes, Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum

Key

1	Spikelets ellipsoid to oblong-obovoid, usually 3.4-4.2 mm long, 1.7-2 mm wide, usually sparsely pubescent; blades usually 4-9 mm wide, more than 10 times longer than wide, often partly imolute; ligules 2-3 mm	Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. oligosanthes
1	Spikelets broadly obovoid-ellipsoid, 2.7-3.5 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, usually glabrous; blades usually 6-15 mm wide, less than 10 times longer than wide, flat; ligules 1-1.5 mm long	Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum