Difference between revisions of "Tsuga"

(Endlicher) Carrière

185. 1855- Hemlock, pruche [Japanese tsuga, nampan].

Common names: Hemlock pruche
Etymology: Japanese tsuga, name for native hemlocks of Japan
Basionym: Pinus sect. Tsuga Endlicher
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration"><b>Trees </b>evergreen;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">crown conic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="crown shape;crown orientation">leading shoot usually drooping.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence;bark architecture"><b>Bark </b>gray to brown, scaly, often deeply furrowed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="branch orientation;branch arrangement;branch orientation or shape;branch orientation;spray shape"><b>Branches </b>horizontal, often tending to arranged in flattened sprays and arched downward;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="shoot height or length or size;shoot count">short (spur) shoots absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="twig life cycle;twig course;twig orientation;twig relief or texture;distal portion life cycle;distal portion course;distal portion orientation;distal portion relief or texture;projection architecture or shape;projection duration">young twigs and distal portions of stem flexuous and pendent, roughened by peglike projections persisting after leaves fall.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bud shape;bud coating"><b>Buds </b>mostly rounded at apex, not resinous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>borne singly, persisting several years, ± 2-ranked or radiating in all directions, flattened to somewhat angular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf duration;leaf count;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf shape;leaf arrangement or shape;leaf shape;base architecture or shape;set shape;set count;projection architecture or shape">abruptly narrowed to a petiolelike base, set on peglike projections, these angled, projected forward, sheath absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape">apex rounded or notched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="resin canal count">resin canals 1.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="twig life cycle"><b>Cones </b>borne on year-old twigs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form;pollen cone shape;pollen cone coloration"><b>Pollen </b>cones solitary, globose, brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone duration;seed-cone orientation;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone architecture;seed-cone architecture;year count"><b>Seed-</b>cones maturing in 1 year, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter or persisting for several years, pendent, ovoid, oblong, or oblong-cylindric, sessile or nearly so;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="scale duration;scale shape;scale width;scale texture;apophysis count;umbo count">scales persistent, shape various, thin, leathery, lacking apophysis and umbo;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="bract size;bract position">bracts small, included.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">cotyledons 4–6.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="cotyledon count;x chromosome count">x =12.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>evergreen; crown conic; leading shoot usually drooping. <b>Bark</b> gray to brown, scaly, often deeply furrowed. <b>Branches</b> horizontal, often tending to be arranged in flattened "sprays" and arched downward; short (spur) shoots absent; young twigs and distal portions of stem flexuous and pendent, roughened by peglike projections persisting after leaves fall. <b>Buds</b> mostly rounded at apex, not resinous. <b>Leaves</b> borne singly, persisting several years, ± 2-ranked or radiating in all directions, flattened to somewhat angular; abruptly narrowed to a petiolelike base, set on peglike projections, these angled, projected forward, sheath absent; apex rounded or notched; resin canals 1. <b>Cones</b> borne on year-old twigs. <b>Pollen</b> cones solitary, globose, brown. <b>Seed</b> cones maturing in 1 year, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter or persisting for several years, pendent, ovoid, oblong, or oblong-cylindric, sessile or nearly so; scales persistent, shape various, thin, leathery, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts small, included. <b>Seeds</b> winged; cotyledons 4–6. <b>x</b> =12.</span><!--
  
 
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|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_647.xml
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|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_647.xml
 
|genus=Tsuga
 
|genus=Tsuga
|apex shape=notched;rounded
 
|apophysis count=lacking
 
|bark architecture=furrowed
 
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
 
|bark coloration=gray;brown
 
|base architecture or shape=petiolelike
 
|bract position=included
 
|bract size=small
 
|branch arrangement=arranged
 
|branch orientation=downward;horizontal
 
|branch orientation or shape=arched
 
|bud coating=not resinous
 
|bud shape=rounded
 
|cotyledon count=4;6
 
|crown orientation=drooping
 
|crown shape=conic
 
|distal portion course=flexuous
 
|distal portion life cycle=young
 
|distal portion orientation=pendent
 
|distal portion relief or texture=roughened
 
|leaf arrangement=radiating;2-ranked;singly
 
|leaf arrangement or shape=angular
 
|leaf count=several
 
|leaf duration=persisting
 
|leaf shape=narrowed;flattened to somewhat
 
|pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|pollen cone coloration=brown
 
|pollen cone shape=globose
 
|projection architecture or shape=peglike;peglike
 
|projection duration=persisting
 
|resin canal count=1
 
|scale duration=persistent
 
|scale shape=various
 
|scale texture=leathery
 
|scale width=thin
 
|seed architecture=winged
 
|seed-cone architecture=nearly;sessile
 
|seed-cone duration=persisting
 
|seed-cone life cycle=falling;maturing
 
|seed-cone orientation=pendent
 
|seed-cone shape=oblong-cylindric;oblong;oblong-cylindric;oblong;ovoid
 
|set count=absent
 
|set shape=angled
 
|shoot count=absent
 
|shoot height or length or size=short
 
|spray shape=flattened
 
|tree duration=evergreen
 
|twig course=flexuous
 
|twig life cycle=year-old;young
 
|twig orientation=pendent
 
|twig relief or texture=roughened
 
|umbo count=lacking
 
|x chromosome count=12
 
|year count=1
 
 
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Revision as of 13:25, 27 July 2019

Trees evergreen; crown conic; leading shoot usually drooping. Bark gray to brown, scaly, often deeply furrowed. Branches horizontal, often tending to be arranged in flattened "sprays" and arched downward; short (spur) shoots absent; young twigs and distal portions of stem flexuous and pendent, roughened by peglike projections persisting after leaves fall. Buds mostly rounded at apex, not resinous. Leaves borne singly, persisting several years, ± 2-ranked or radiating in all directions, flattened to somewhat angular; abruptly narrowed to a petiolelike base, set on peglike projections, these angled, projected forward, sheath absent; apex rounded or notched; resin canals 1. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones solitary, globose, brown. Seed cones maturing in 1 year, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter or persisting for several years, pendent, ovoid, oblong, or oblong-cylindric, sessile or nearly so; scales persistent, shape various, thin, leathery, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts small, included. Seeds winged; cotyledons 4–6. x =12.

Distribution

Northern Hemisphere.

Discussion

Species of Tsuga are found naturally in areas of relatively moist climates where water stresses are minimal. Most are conspicuous, if not dominant, members of the communities in which they occur.

Hemlock wood is moderately strong and pliable and lacks resin ducts. With the decline of associated species considered superior in commercial value, hemlocks have become important in the timber industry, especially for pulp. Hemlocks are also widely used for horticultural purposes; numerous cultivars have been developed.

Species ca. 10 (4 in the flora).

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaves mostly spreading in all directions from twigs, bearing stomates on both surfaces or on abaxial surface only; seed cones ovoid, oblong, or oblong-cylindric, 2.5-6 cm; scales oblong, 8-18 mm. > 2
1 Leaves mostly appearing 2-ranked, bearing stomates on abaxial surface only; seed cones ovoid, (1-)1.5-2.5(-3) cm; scales ovate to cuneate, 8-15 mm. > 3
2 Leaves bearing stomates on both surfaces, thicker along midline; seed cones 3-6 cm, half as wide; montane tree of w North America. Tsuga mertensiana
2 Leaves bearing stomates on abaxial surface only, flat, not notably thicker along midline, but slightly revolute; seed cones 2.5-4 cm, more than half as wide; montane tree of se United States. Tsuga caroliniana
3 Buds 2.5-3.5 mm; crown narrowly conic; tree of w North America. Tsuga heterophylla
3 Buds 1.5-2.5 mm; crown broadly conic; tree of e North America. Tsuga canadensis