imported>Volume Importer |
imported>Volume Importer |
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| | |accepted_authority=Fischer & C. A. Meyer | | |accepted_authority=Fischer & C. A. Meyer |
| | |publications={{Treatment/Publication | | |publications={{Treatment/Publication |
| − | |title=Bot. Dict. ed. | + | |title=Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) |
| − | |place=4, 30. 1836 | + | |place=2: 48. 1836 |
| | |year=1836 | | |year=1836 |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | |common_names=Knotweed | + | |common_names=Woodland threadstem |
| | |basionyms= | | |basionyms= |
| | |synonyms= | | |synonyms= |
| − | |hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Pterostegia | + | |hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae;Pterostegia |
| − | |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pterostegia]]</div></div> | + | |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pterostegia]]</div></div> |
| | + | |etymology=Greek pteron, wing, and stege, covering, alluding to winged bract |
| | |volume=Volume 5 | | |volume=Volume 5 |
| − | |mention_page=page 216, 217, 218 | + | |mention_page=page 219, 222, 475 |
| − | |treatment_page=page 479 | + | |treatment_page=page 477 |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> shrubs, vines, or herbs, perennial or annual, homophyllous (heretophyllous in some species of <i>Polygonum</i>); root fibrous or a solid taproot, rarely tuberous. <b>Stems</b> usually prostrate to erect, sometimes scandent, not scapose, rarely with recurved spines (some species of <i>Persicaria</i>), glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glandular; nodes usually swollen; branches free (adnate to stems distal to nodes and appearing to arise internodally in <i>Polygonella</i>); tendrils absent (except in <i>Antigonon</i> and <i>Brunnichia</i>). <b>Leaves</b> deciduous (persistent in <i>Coccoloba</i> and sometimes more than 1 year in <i>Antigonon</i> and <i>Polygonella</i>), basal or basal and cauline, rarely cauline only, mostly alternate; ocrea present, persistent or deciduous, cylindric to funnelform, chartaceous, membranous, coriaceous, or, rarely, foliaceous or partly so; petiole present or absent, rarely articulate basally (<i>Fagopyrum</i>, <i>Fallopia</i>, <i>Polygonella</i>, <i>Polygonum</i>), rarely with extrafloral nectaries (<i>Fallopia</i>, <i>Muehlenbeckia</i>); blade simple with entire margins, rarely undulate or lobed. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or terminal and axillary, spikelike, racemelike, paniclelike, cymelike, or, rarely, capitate, comprising simple or branched clusters of compound inflorescences; bracts absent; peduncle spreading to erect, sometimes absent; clusters of flowers subtended by connate bracteoles forming persistent membranous tube (ocreola), awnless. <b>Flowers</b> usually bisexual, sometimes bisexual and unisexual on same plant, rarely unisexual only, 1–20+ per ocreate fascicle, often with stipelike base distal to articulation; perianth often accrescent in fruit, often greenish, white, pink, yellow, red, or purple, usually unwinged and unkeeled (winged or, sometimes, keeled in <i>Fallopia</i>, rarely keeled in <i>Polygonum</i>), campanulate or urceolate, sometimes membranous, indurate, or fleshy in fruit, rarely developing raised tubercles proximally (<i>Rumex</i>), glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glandular or glandular-punctate; tepals 2–6, usually in 2 whorls, distinct or connate proximally and forming tube, petaloid or sepaloid, monomorphic or dimorphic; nectary a disk at base of ovary or glands associated with bases of filaments; stamens usually (1–)6–9, staminodes rarely present; filaments distinct, or connate basally and sometimes forming staminal tube, free or adnate to perianth tube; pistils (2–)3(–4)-carpellate; ovary 1-locular (sometimes with vestigial partitions proximally); ovule 1, orthotropous or, rarely, anatropous, placentation basal or free-central; styles 1–3, erect to spreading or recurved, distinct or connate proximally; stigmas peltate, capitate, fimbriate, or penicillate. <b>Achenes</b> yellowish, brown, red, or black, homocarpic (sometimes heterocarpic in <i>Polygonum</i>), winged or unwinged, usually 2–3-gonous, sometimes discoid, biconvex, or spheroidal, rarely 4-gonous. <b>Seeds</b>: embryo usually straight or curved, rarely folded.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual; taproot slender. <b>Stems</b> arising directly from the root, sprawling and spreading, solid, not fistulose or disarticulating into ringlike segments, thinly pubescent. <b>Leaves</b> persistent, cauline, opposite; petiole present; blade broadly elliptic to fan-shaped, margins entire or lobed. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, cymose, uniparous due to suppression of secondaries distally; branches dichotomous, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round, thinly pubescent; bracts absent. <b>Peduncles</b> absent. <b>Involucral</b> bracts 1, erect, 2-winged, reticulately veined, lobed or notched, slightly gibbous with age, invaginated adaxial surface hyaline. <b>Flowers</b> 2–3 per involucral cluster; perianth pale yellow to pink or rose, campanulate when open, urceolate when closed, sparsely pubescent abaxially; tepals (5–)6, connate for ca. 1/3 their length, monomorphic, entire apically; stamens 6; filaments adnate to perianth, glabrous; anthers yellow, oval. <b>Achenes</b> included, yellowish brown to brown, winged, globose, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b>: embryo straight. <b>x</b> = 14.</span><!-- |
| | | | |
| | -->{{Treatment/Body | | -->{{Treatment/Body |
| − | |distribution=Mainly temperate regions of North America. | + | |distribution=w United States;nw Mexico. |
| − | |discussion=<p>Genera 28, species ca. 850 (16 genera, 160 species in the flora).</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Morphological (K. Haraldson 1978; L.-P. Ronse Decraene and J. R. Akeroyd 1988; Ronse Decraene et al. 2000; Hong S. P. et al. 1998) and molecular (A. S. Lamb Frye and K. A. Kron 2003) data provide support for separation of <i>Persicaria</i> from <i>Polygonum</i>. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationships of allied genera, particularly <i>Aconogonon</i>, <i>Bistorta</i>, and <i>Koenigia</i> with <i>Persicaria</i>, and <i>Fallopia</i> and <i>Polygonella</i> with <i>Polygonum</i>.</p> | + | --><p><i>Pterostegia</i> and the Baja California, Mexico, endemic Harfordia are the only genera of the tribe Pterostegieae. In both, the involucre is highly modified, becoming a slightly to markedly gibbous, reticulated, winged structure that encloses the mature achene. In <i>Pterostegia</i>, the two wings are slightly enlarged, but in Harfordia the wings are greatly inflated, which apparently aids in achene dispersal.</p> |
| | |tables= | | |tables= |
| | |references={{Treatment/Reference | | |references={{Treatment/Reference |
| − | |id=haraldson1978a | + | |id=reveal1989a |
| − | |text=Haraldson, K. 1978. Anatomy and taxonomy in Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae Meisn. emend. Jaretzky. Acta Univ. Upsal., Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22: 1–93. | + | |text=Reveal, J. L. 1989c. Remarks on the genus Pterostegia (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae). Phytologia 66: 228–235. |
| − | }}{{Treatment/Reference
| |
| − | |id=hong1998a
| |
| − | |text=Hong, S. P., L.-P. Ronse Decraene, and E. Smets. 1998. Systematic significance of tepal surface morphology in tribes Persicarieae and Polygoneae (Polygonaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 127: 91–116.
| |
| − | }}{{Treatment/Reference
| |
| − | |id=ronse1988a
| |
| − | |text=Ronse Decraene, L.-P. and J. R. Akeroyd. 1988. Generic limits in Polygonum and related genera (Polygonaceae) on the basis of floral characters. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 321–371.
| |
| − | }}{{Treatment/Reference
| |
| − | |id=ronse2000a
| |
| − | |text=Ronse Decraene, L.-P., Hong S. P., and E. Smets. 2000. Systematic significance of fruit morphology and anatomy in tribes Persicarieae and Polygoneae (Polygonaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 134: 301–377.
| |
| | }} | | }} |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | --><div class="treatment-key"> | + | --><!-- |
| − | ==Key==
| |
| − | <div class="treatment-key-group">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |Tendrils present; plants vines
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |Tendrils absent; plants trees, shrubs, or herbs, rarely vinelike shrubs
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |Perianths pink to purple or, rarely, white or yellow, membranous; pedicels not 3-winged
| |
| − | |[[Antigonon|Antigonon]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |Perianths green to greenish yellow, indurate; pedicels 3-winged, 1 wing more prominent and becoming greatly expanded in fruit
| |
| − | |[[Brunnichia|Brunnichia]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-3
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |Plants trees or shrubs; tubes of pistillate flowers becoming fleshy in fruit
| |
| − | |[[Coccoloba|Coccoloba]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-3
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |Plants herbs, subshrubs, or, rarely, vinelike shrubs; tubes of pistillate flowers rarely becoming fleshy in fruit
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-4
| |
| − | |4
| |
| − | |Tepals 6
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-4
| |
| − | |4
| |
| − | |Tepals 3, 4, or 5
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-5
| |
| − | |5
| |
| − | |Flowers unisexual; outer 3 tepals of pistillate flowers each with apex ending in stout spine
| |
| − | |[[Emex|Emex]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-5
| |
| − | |5
| |
| − | |Flowers bisexual or, rarely, unisexual; outer 3 tepals each without apex ending in stout spine
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-6
| |
| − | |6
| |
| − | |Achenes winged; inner tepals of fruiting perianths nonaccrescent; stamens (6-)9
| |
| − | |[[Rheum|Rheum]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-6
| |
| − | |6
| |
| − | |Achenes unwinged; inner tepals of fruiting perianths usually accrescent; stamens 6
| |
| − | |[[Rumex|Rumex]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-7
| |
| − | |7
| |
| − | |Herbs annual; tepals 3 [4]; stamens (1-)3[-5]
| |
| − | |[[Koenigia|Koenigia]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-7
| |
| − | |7
| |
| − | |Herbs perennial or annual, or shrubs; tepals 4-5; stamens 3-8
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-8
| |
| − | |8
| |
| − | |Tepals 4; achenes lenticular, winged; leaves mostly basal
| |
| − | |[[Oxyria|Oxyria]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-8
| |
| − | |8
| |
| − | |Tepals 4 or 5; achenes 3-gonous, discoid, biconvex, spheroidal, or 4-gonous, unwinged or essentially so; leaves cauline or basal and cauline, rarely mostly basal
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-9
| |
| − | |9
| |
| − | |Branches adnate to stems, appearing to arise internodally
| |
| − | |[[Polygonella|Polygonella]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-9
| |
| − | |9
| |
| − | |Branches not adnate to stems, not appearing to arise internodally
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-10
| |
| − | |10
| |
| − | |Plants shrubs, vinelike; flowers unisexual, tubes of pistillate flowers becoming fleshy in fruit
| |
| − | |[[Muehlenbeckia|Muehlenbeckia]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-10
| |
| − | |10
| |
| − | |Plants herbs or, if shrubs, not vinelike; flowers bisexual or, rarely, unisexual, if unisexual then tubes of pistillate flowers not becoming fleshy
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-11
| |
| − | |11
| |
| − | |Outer tepals winged or keeled
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-11
| |
| − | |11
| |
| − | |Outer tepals unwinged and unkeeled
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-12
| |
| − | |12
| |
| − | |Outer tepals winged (keeled in F. ciliondis and, usually, F. convolvulus); ocreae chartaceous, tan to brownish, glabrous or scabrous to variously pubescent, never 2-lobed distally
| |
| − | |[[Fallopia|Fallopia]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-12
| |
| − | |12
| |
| − | |Outer tepals keeled; ocreae often hyaline, silvery, glabrous, 2-lobed distally
| |
| − | |[[Polygonum|Polygonum]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-13
| |
| − | |13
| |
| − | |Leaves mostly basal, some cauline; inflorescences terminal, spikelike; stems simple
| |
| − | |[[Bistorta|Bistorta]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-13
| |
| − | |13
| |
| − | |Leaves cauline; inflorescences terminal and axillary or axillary; stems usually branched, rarely simple
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-14
| |
| − | |14
| |
| − | |Achenes strongly exserted; perianths nonaccrescent; tepals distinct
| |
| − | |[[Fagopyrum|Fagopyrum]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-14
| |
| − | |14
| |
| − | |Achenes included or exserted; perianths accrescent or nonaccrescent; tepals connate to 2/3 their lengths. [15. Shifted to left margin.—Ed.]
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-15
| |
| − | |15
| |
| − | |Ocreae often hyaline, silvery, glabrous, 2-lobed distally, often disintegrating into fibers or completely
| |
| − | |[[Polygonum|Polygonum]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-15
| |
| − | |15
| |
| − | |Ocreae chartaceous, usually tan, brown, or reddish, rarely silvery, glabrous or scabrous to variously pubescent, never 2-lobed distally, often tearing with age
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-16
| |
| − | |16
| |
| − | |Inflorescences spikelike, paniclelike, or capitate; tepals 4 or 15, connate 1/ 2/ 3 their length (less than 5 their length in P. wallichii); stamens 5-8
| |
| − | |[[Persicaria|Persicaria]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-16
| |
| − | |16
| |
| − | |Inflorescences racemelike or paniclelike; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/ 4 their length; stamens 8
| |
| − | |[[Aconogonon|Aconogonon]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div></div><!--
| |
| | | | |
| | -->{{#Taxon: | | -->{{#Taxon: |
| | name=Pterostegia | | name=Pterostegia |
| − | |author=Craig C. Freeman | + | |author=James L. Reveal |
| | |authority=Fischer & C. A. Meyer | | |authority=Fischer & C. A. Meyer |
| | |rank=genus | | |rank=genus |
| Line 184: |
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| | |basionyms= | | |basionyms= |
| | |family=Polygonaceae | | |family=Polygonaceae |
| − | |distribution=Mainly temperate regions of North America. | + | |distribution=w United States;nw Mexico. |
| − | |reference=haraldson1978a;hong1998a;ronse1988a;ronse2000a | + | |reference=reveal1989a |
| − | |publication title=Bot. Dict. ed. | + | |publication title=Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) |
| | |publication year=1836 | | |publication year=1836 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1003.xml | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1001.xml |
| − | |subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae | + | |subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae |
| | |genus=Pterostegia | | |genus=Pterostegia |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]] | + | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae]] |