Difference between revisions of "Trianthema"

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 223. 1753.

Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 105. 1754.

Common names: Horse-purslane
Etymology: Greek treis, three, and anthemon, flower
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 75, 76, 77.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb pubescence;herb pubescence;herb relief"><b>Herbs </b>[shrubs], annual or perennial, glabrous, hairy, or papillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root texture"><b>Roots </b>fibrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem texture"><b>Stems </b>usually prostrate, spreading, branched from base, sometimes woody.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf size"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, subopposite, petiolate, those of each pair unequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule fixation;stipule shape;stipule texture">stipules attached to margin of petiole, bidentate, usually papery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape">blade terete or flat, linear to orbiculate, base tapered, margins entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bract architecture">bracts foliaceous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole count">bracteoles 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower prominence;flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>inconspicuous, 4 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="calyx lobe count;adaxial surface coloration;appendage position;appendage position;appendage shape">calyx lobes 5, adaxial surface colored, with subapical, abaxial, mucronate appendages;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal count;staminodium architecture;staminodium count">petals and petaloid staminodia absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen position;stamen atypical count;stamen count;stamen arrangement">stamens perigynous, 5–10 [–20], when 5, alternating with calyx lobes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil 2-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">ovary superior, 1–2-loculed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture;ovary placentation">placentation basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovule count">ovules 1–12;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="style count;style relief">styles 1–2, longitudinally papillate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="stigma count">stigmas 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruits capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, dehiscence circumscissile near base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum architecture;operculum shape">operculum flat, ovoid, or globose, winged or mucronate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed count;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed relief;seed relief"><b>Seeds </b>1–12, brown to black, ridged, triangular, globose, or reniform, smooth or papillate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="aril shape">arils elongate.</span><!--
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--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs </b>[shrubs], annual or perennial, glabrous, hairy, or papillate. <b>Roots</b> fibrous. <b>Stems</b> usually prostrate, spreading, branched from base, sometimes woody. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, subopposite, petiolate, those of each pair unequal; stipules attached to margin of petiole, bidentate, usually papery; blade terete or flat, linear to orbiculate, base tapered, margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes; bracts foliaceous; bracteoles 2. <b>Flowers</b> inconspicuous, 4 mm diam.; calyx lobes 5, adaxial surface colored, with subapical, abaxial, mucronate appendages; petals and petaloid staminodia absent; stamens perigynous, 5–10[–20], when 5, alternating with calyx lobes; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary superior, 1–2-loculed; placentation basal; ovules 1–12; styles 1–2, longitudinally papillate; stigmas 2. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscence circumscissile near base; operculum flat, ovoid, or globose, winged or mucronate. <b>Seeds</b> 1–12, brown to black, ridged, triangular, globose, or reniform, smooth or papillate; arils elongate.</span><!--
  
 
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|publication year=1753;1754
 
|publication year=1753;1754
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_170.xml
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|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_170.xml
 
|genus=Trianthema
 
|genus=Trianthema
|adaxial surface coloration=colored
 
|appendage position=abaxial;subapical
 
|appendage shape=mucronate
 
|aril shape=elongate
 
|base shape=tapered
 
|blade shape=flat linear;orbiculate
 
|bract architecture=foliaceous
 
|bracteole count=2
 
|calyx lobe count=5
 
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=in cymes;solitary
 
|flower diameter=4
 
|flower prominence=inconspicuous
 
|fruits capsule dehiscence=circumscissile
 
|herb duration=perennial;annual
 
|herb pubescence=hairy;glabrous
 
|herb relief=papillate
 
|inflorescence position=axillary
 
|leaf architecture=petiolate
 
|leaf arrangement=subopposite
 
|leaf position=cauline
 
|leaf size=unequal
 
|margin architecture or shape=entire
 
|operculum architecture=winged
 
|operculum shape=mucronate;globose;ovoid;globose;ovoid;flat
 
|ovary architecture=1-2-loculed
 
|ovary placentation=basal
 
|ovary position=superior
 
|ovule count=1;12
 
|petal count=absent
 
|pistil architecture=2-carpellate
 
|root texture=fibrous
 
|seed coloration=brown;black
 
|seed count=1;12
 
|seed relief=papillate;smooth
 
|seed shape=reniform;globose;reniform;globose;triangular;ridged
 
|stamen arrangement=alternating
 
|stamen atypical count=10;20
 
|stamen count=5;10
 
|stamen position=perigynous
 
|staminodium architecture=petaloid
 
|staminodium count=absent
 
|stem architecture=branched
 
|stem growth form or orientation=prostrate
 
|stem orientation=spreading
 
|stem texture=woody
 
|stigma count=2
 
|stipule fixation=attached
 
|stipule shape=bidentate
 
|stipule texture=papery
 
|style count=1;2
 
|style relief=papillate
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
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Revision as of 13:58, 27 July 2019

Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, glabrous, hairy, or papillate. Roots fibrous. Stems usually prostrate, spreading, branched from base, sometimes woody. Leaves cauline, subopposite, petiolate, those of each pair unequal; stipules attached to margin of petiole, bidentate, usually papery; blade terete or flat, linear to orbiculate, base tapered, margins entire. Inflorescences axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes; bracts foliaceous; bracteoles 2. Flowers inconspicuous, 4 mm diam.; calyx lobes 5, adaxial surface colored, with subapical, abaxial, mucronate appendages; petals and petaloid staminodia absent; stamens perigynous, 5–10[–20], when 5, alternating with calyx lobes; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary superior, 1–2-loculed; placentation basal; ovules 1–12; styles 1–2, longitudinally papillate; stigmas 2. Fruits capsules, dehiscence circumscissile near base; operculum flat, ovoid, or globose, winged or mucronate. Seeds 1–12, brown to black, ridged, triangular, globose, or reniform, smooth or papillate; arils elongate.

Distribution

North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia.

Discussion

Species 20 (1 in the flora).

Selected References

None.