Show Lower Taxa
Difference between revisions of "Castanea"
Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Common names: Chestnut châtaignier
Etymology: Classical Latin, from Greek kastanaion karuon, nut from Castania, probably referring either to Kastanaia in Pontus or Castana in Thessaly
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. <b>Terminal</b> buds absent, pseudoterminal bud (axillary bud of youngest leaf) ovoid, with 2 unequal opposite outer scales enclosing several imbricate inner scales. <b>Leaves</b>: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. <b>Leaf</b> blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in sharp tooth or well-developed awn. <b>Inflorescences</b> staminate or androgynous, axillary, spicate, erect, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers 1-3 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 6(-9). <b>Fruits</b>: maturation in 1st year following pollination (termed annual by many authors); cupule 2-4-valved, valves connate marginally until maturity, ±completely enclosing nut(s), spiny, spines irregularly branched, often interlocking, densely or sparsely covered in simple hairs; nuts 1-3 per cupule, plano-convex, or if 3, then central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves. <b>x</b> = 12.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia | + | |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia. |
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 8-10 (3 in the flora, often interpreted as 2).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species ca. 8-10 (3 in the flora, often interpreted as 2).</p><!-- | ||
--><p>As evidenced by United States breeding programs, all species are probably interfertile (including American × Asian species). Local morphologic intergradation between species is to be expected.</p> | --><p>As evidenced by United States breeding programs, all species are probably interfertile (including American × Asian species). Local morphologic intergradation between species is to be expected.</p> | ||
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Fagaceae | |family=Fagaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia | + | |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia. |
|reference=hardin1985a;johnson1988b;paillet1989a;paillet1993a;tucker1975a | |reference=hardin1985a;johnson1988b;paillet1989a;paillet1993a;tucker1975a | ||
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. | |publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. | ||
|publication year=1754 | |publication year=1754 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna- | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_684.xml |
|genus=Castanea | |genus=Castanea | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fagaceae]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fagaceae]] | ||
Revision as of 13:47, 27 July 2019
Trees or shrubs, winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. Terminal buds absent, pseudoterminal bud (axillary bud of youngest leaf) ovoid, with 2 unequal opposite outer scales enclosing several imbricate inner scales. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in sharp tooth or well-developed awn. Inflorescences staminate or androgynous, axillary, spicate, erect, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flowers 1-3 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 6(-9). Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination (termed annual by many authors); cupule 2-4-valved, valves connate marginally until maturity, ±completely enclosing nut(s), spiny, spines irregularly branched, often interlocking, densely or sparsely covered in simple hairs; nuts 1-3 per cupule, plano-convex, or if 3, then central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves. x = 12.
Distribution
North America, Europe, Asia.
Discussion
Species ca. 8-10 (3 in the flora, often interpreted as 2).
As evidenced by United States breeding programs, all species are probably interfertile (including American × Asian species). Local morphologic intergradation between species is to be expected.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Cupules 4-valved, enclosing 3 flowers/fruits; leaf blade abaxially without stellate trichomes, appearing glabrous, with minute multicellular glands, these often embedded on blade, and simple trichomes on veins; nut obovate, flattened at least on 1 side, beak thin, flexible, to 8 mm or more excluding styles. | Castanea dentata |
| 1 | Cupules 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower/fruit; leaf blade abaxially bearing stellate trichomes (occasionally visible only with magnification), often with simple trichomes on veins; nut round in cross section, ovoid-conic, beak less than 3mm excluding styles. | > 2 |
| 2 | Longest spines of cupule often exceeding 10 mm; young twigs glabrous; petiole usually 8–10(–15) mm; bark brownish, moderately to deeply fissured. | Castanea ozarkensis |
| 2 | Longest spines of cupule usually less than 10 mm; young twigs puberulent (sometimes glabrate with age); petiole usually 3–7(–10) mm; bark gray to brown, smooth, not fissured or only shallowly fissured. | Castanea pumila |