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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree architecture;tree atypical some measurement;tree some measurement"><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, single-trunked, to 15 (-32) m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Bark </b>yellowish to gray, smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="pith variability"><b>Pith </b>homogeneous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="twig pubescence;foliar bud pubescence"><b>Twigs </b>and foliar buds silky-pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf arrangement;terminal cluster arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stipule atypical length;stipule length;stipule width;stipule pubescence;stipule architecture or function or pubescence">stipules (9-) 11-17 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially pilose, glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, 50-110 × 15-30 cm, base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate, apex acute to short-acuminate or obtuse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="surface coloration;surface coloration;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface depth;surface coloration;surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially chalky white, sometimes pale green to glaucous, pilose, adaxially deep green, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower odor;flower atypical some measurement;flower some measurement"><b>Flowers </b>solitary, fragrant, 35-40 (-50) cm across;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="beak architecture;beak quantity;outer bract coloration;inner bract width;inner bract pubescence">spathaceous bracts 2, outer bract abaxially rusty gray, inner bract thinner, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tepal coloration;tepal architecture or function or pubescence;innermost whorl coloration;outermost segment orientation;outermost segment coloration">tepals creamy white, glandular, innermost whorl purple-blotched at base, outermost segments strongly reflexed, greenish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen some measurement">stamens (300-) 350-580, 12.5-24.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="filament coloration">filaments white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil quantity">pistils 50-80.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="follicetum shape;follicetum length;follicetum width"><b>Follicetums </b>globose-ovoid, 5-8 × 5-7 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="follicle architecture or shape;follicle fixation or orientation;follicle pubescence">follicles short-beaked, distally appressed silky-pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed shape;seed some measurement;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>± ovoid, 10-12 mm, pointed, aril orange-red.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="aril coloration;2n chromosome quantity">2n=38.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, single-trunked, to 15(-32) m. <b>Bark</b> yellowish to gray, smooth. <b>Pith</b> homogeneous. <b>Twigs</b> and foliar buds silky-pubescent. <b>Leaves</b> crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules (9-)11-17 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially pilose, glandular. <b>Leaf</b> blade broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, 50-110 × 15-30 cm, base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate, apex acute to short-acuminate or obtuse; surfaces abaxially chalky white, sometimes pale green to glaucous, pilose, adaxially deep green, glabrous. <b>Flowers</b> solitary, fragrant, 35-40(-50) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, outer bract abaxially rusty gray, inner bract thinner, glabrous; tepals creamy white, glandular, innermost whorl purple-blotched at base, outermost segments strongly reflexed, greenish; stamens (300-)350-580, 12.5-24.5 mm; filaments white; pistils 50-80. <b>Follicetums</b> globose-ovoid, 5-8 × 5-7 cm; follicles short-beaked, distally appressed silky-pubescent. <b>Seeds</b> ± ovoid, 10-12 mm, pointed, aril orange-red. <b>2n</b>=38.</span><!-- |
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| | |publication year=1803 | | |publication year=1803 |
| | |special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated | | |special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_186.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_186.xml |
| | |genus=Magnolia | | |genus=Magnolia |
| | |species=Magnolia macrophylla | | |species=Magnolia macrophylla |
| − | |2n chromosome quantity=38
| |
| − | |apex shape=acute;short-acuminate or obtuse
| |
| − | |aril coloration=orange-red
| |
| − | |bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |bark coloration=yellowish;gray
| |
| − | |base shape=truncate;deeply cordate or auriculate
| |
| − | |beak architecture=spathaceous
| |
| − | |beak quantity=2
| |
| − | |filament coloration=white
| |
| − | |flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
| |
| − | |flower atypical some measurement=40cm;50cm
| |
| − | |flower odor=fragrant
| |
| − | |flower some measurement=35cm;40cm
| |
| − | |foliar bud pubescence=silky-pubescent
| |
| − | |follicetum length=5cm;8cm
| |
| − | |follicetum shape=globose-ovoid
| |
| − | |follicetum width=5cm;7cm
| |
| − | |follicle architecture or shape=short-beaked
| |
| − | |follicle fixation or orientation=appressed
| |
| − | |follicle pubescence=silky-pubescent
| |
| − | |inner bract pubescence=glabrous
| |
| − | |inner bract width=thinner
| |
| − | |innermost whorl coloration=purple-blotched
| |
| − | |leaf arrangement=crowded
| |
| − | |leaf-blade length=50cm;110cm
| |
| − | |leaf-blade shape=broadly elliptic;obovate-oblong
| |
| − | |leaf-blade width=15cm;30cm
| |
| − | |outer bract coloration=rusty gray
| |
| − | |outermost segment coloration=greenish
| |
| − | |outermost segment orientation=reflexed
| |
| − | |pistil quantity=50;80
| |
| − | |pith variability=homogeneous
| |
| − | |seed shape=pointed;ovoid
| |
| − | |seed some measurement=10mm;12mm
| |
| − | |stamen atypical quantity=300;350
| |
| − | |stamen quantity=350;580
| |
| − | |stamen some measurement=12.5mm;24.5mm
| |
| − | |stipule architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
| |
| − | |stipule atypical length=9cm;11cm
| |
| − | |stipule length=11cm;17cm
| |
| − | |stipule pubescence=pilose
| |
| − | |stipule width=3cm;6.5cm
| |
| − | |surface coloration=green;pale green;chalky white
| |
| − | |surface depth=deep
| |
| − | |surface pubescence=glabrous;pilose;glaucous
| |
| − | |tepal architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
| |
| − | |tepal coloration=creamy white
| |
| − | |terminal cluster arrangement=whorl-like
| |
| − | |tree architecture=single-trunked
| |
| − | |tree atypical some measurement=15m;32m
| |
| − | |tree duration=deciduous
| |
| − | |tree some measurement=0m;15m
| |
| − | |twig pubescence=silky-pubescent
| |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Magnolia]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Magnolia]] |
Trees, deciduous, single-trunked, to 15(-32) m. Bark yellowish to gray, smooth. Pith homogeneous. Twigs and foliar buds silky-pubescent. Leaves crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules (9-)11-17 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially pilose, glandular. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, 50-110 × 15-30 cm, base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate, apex acute to short-acuminate or obtuse; surfaces abaxially chalky white, sometimes pale green to glaucous, pilose, adaxially deep green, glabrous. Flowers solitary, fragrant, 35-40(-50) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, outer bract abaxially rusty gray, inner bract thinner, glabrous; tepals creamy white, glandular, innermost whorl purple-blotched at base, outermost segments strongly reflexed, greenish; stamens (300-)350-580, 12.5-24.5 mm; filaments white; pistils 50-80. Follicetums globose-ovoid, 5-8 × 5-7 cm; follicles short-beaked, distally appressed silky-pubescent. Seeds ± ovoid, 10-12 mm, pointed, aril orange-red. 2n=38.
Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Alluvial woods and sheltered valleys, piedmont
Elevation: 150-300 m
Distribution
Ala., Ark., Ga., Ky., La., Miss., N.C., Ohio, Tenn., Va.
Discussion
The disposition of Magnolia macrophylla and its close relative M. ashei has been perplexing since M. ashei was described. Some investigators have treated them as geographic varieties or subspecies, and this has some questionable merit. In the foliar state M. macrophylla is hardly, if at all, distinguishable from M. ashei, but in other morphologic details of flower and fruit, they are readily distinguished. They also differ in the floral odors, which are distinct and chemically different (L.B. Thien et al. 197). Magnolia macrophylla and M. ashei are allopatric. Magnolia macrophylla is a much larger, usually single-trunked tree of the piedmont with a wider distribution, larger leaves, more stamens, larger stipules, and both filiform and flagelliform trichomes on the leaves. The follicetum is nearly globose-ovoid, with more pistils and larger seeds. Magnolia macrophylla produces the largest leaves and flowers of any species of the genus.
In Arkansas Magnolia macrophylla was known from a single disjunct locality in Clay County, where only two trees were recorded in 1981 (R.B. Figlar 1981). A survey in 1995 failed to locate the species in the same site.
This handsome tree is occasionally cultivated. A close relative, M. dealbata Zuccarini, occurs in Mexico.
The largest known tree of Magnolia macrophylla, 32m in height with a trunk diameter of 53 cm, is recorded from Daniel Boone National Forest, Tight Hollow, Kentucky (American Forestry Association 1994).
The Cherokee tribe used Magnolia macrophylla, mainly the bark, as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, gastrointestinal aid, respiratory aid, and toothache remedy (D.E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.
