Difference between revisions of "Abies magnifica"

A. Murray bis

Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 318. 1863.

Common names: California red fir Shasta red fir
Endemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
FNA>Volume Importer
 
imported>Volume Importer
 
(7 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:
 
}}
 
}}
 
|common_names=California red fir;Shasta red fir
 
|common_names=California red fir;Shasta red fir
 +
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 +
|code=E
 +
|label=Endemic
 +
}}
 
|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|synonyms=
 
|synonyms=
Line 17: Line 21:
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree some measurement"><b>Trees </b>to 57m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk diameter">trunk to 2.5m diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="crown shape">crown narrowly conic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration;bark width;bark width;bark architecture;ridge width;plate coloration"><b>Bark </b>grayish, thin, with age thickening and becoming deeply furrowed with ridges often 4 times wider than furrows, plates reddish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="branch orientation;branch orientation"><b>Branches </b>ascending in upper crown, descending in lower crown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="twig arrangement;twig coloration;twig coloration;twig coloration;twig pubescence;year count">twigs opposite to whorled, light yellow to ± tan, reddish-pubescent for 1–2 years.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bud prominence;resin drop prominence;resin drop coloration;resin drop shape;resin drop size;resin drop coating;apex shape"><b>Buds </b>hidden by leaves or exposed, usually dark-brown, ovoid, small, not resinous or with resin drop near tip, apex rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="basal scale height or length or size;basal scale width;basal scale shape;basal scale pubescence;basal scale coating;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;apex shape">basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, densely pubescent, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaf length;leaf width;leaf arrangement;leaf fragility;proximal portion fixation or orientation;distal portion some measurement;distal portion arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>2–3.7cm × 2mm, mostly 1-ranked, flexible, the proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="cross-section prominence or shape;groove fragility;branch reproduction">cross-section flat, with or without weak groove adaxially toward leaf base, or cross-section 3–4-sided on fertile branches;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="cross-section odor">odor camphorlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="band count;band pubescence;stomatal count;row count">abaxial surface with 2 glaucous bands, each band with 4–5 stomatal rows;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="adaxial surface coloration;adaxial surface coloration;adaxial surface coloration;band count;band pubescence;band count;stomatal atypical count;stomatal atypical count;stomatal count;row atypical count;row atypical count;row count">adaxial surface blue-green to silvery blue, with single glaucous band that may divide into 2 toward leaf base, band with (8–) 10 (–13) stomatal rows at midleaf;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;branch reproduction">apex rounded or, on fertile branches, somewhat pointed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="resin canal size">resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pollen cone coloration;pollen cone coloration"><b>Pollen </b>cones at pollination ± purple or reddish-brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed-cone shape;seed-cone length;seed-cone width;seed-cone coloration;seed-cone architecture;apex shape"><b>Seed-</b>cones oblong-cylindric, 15–20 × 7–10cm, purple at first but becoming yellowish-brown or greenish brown, sessile, apex round;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="scale length;scale width;scale pubescence">scales ca. 3 × 4cm, pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="bract position;bract position;bract position;bract orientation">bracts included to exserted and reflexed (Shasta red fir) over scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed length;seed width;body coloration"><b>Seeds </b>15 × 6mm, body dark reddish-brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="wing coloration">wing about as long as body, rose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="cotyledon count;2n chromosome count">cotyledons 7–8.2n =24.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>to 57m; trunk to 2.5m diam.; crown narrowly conic. <b>Bark</b> grayish, thin, with age thickening and becoming deeply furrowed with ridges being often 4 times wider than furrows, plates reddish. <b>Branches</b> ascending in upper crown, descending in lower crown; twigs opposite to whorled, light yellow to ± tan, reddish pubescent for 1–2 years. <b>Buds</b> hidden by leaves or exposed, usually dark brown, ovoid, small, not resinous or with resin drop near tip, apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, densely pubescent, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed. <b>Leaves</b> 2–3.7cm × 2mm, mostly 1-ranked, flexible, the proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent; cross section flat, with or without weak groove adaxially toward leaf base, or cross section 3–4-sided on fertile branches; odor camphorlike; abaxial surface with 2 glaucous bands, each band with 4–5 stomatal rows; adaxial surface blue-green to silvery blue, with single glaucous band that may divide into 2 toward leaf base, band with (8–)10(–13) stomatal rows at midleaf; apex rounded or, on fertile branches, somewhat pointed; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. <b>Pollen</b> cones at pollination ± purple or reddish brown. <b>Seed</b> cones oblong-cylindric, 15–20 × 7–10cm, purple at first but becoming yellowish brown or greenish brown, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 3 × 4cm, pubescent; bracts included to exserted and reflexed (Shasta red fir) over scales. <b>Seeds</b> 15 × 6mm, body dark reddish brown; wing about as long as body, rose; cotyledons 7–8. <b>2n</b> =24.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
Line 23: Line 27:
 
|elevation=1400–2700m
 
|elevation=1400–2700m
 
|distribution=Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.
 
|distribution=Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.
|discussion=<p>Abies magnifica often exists in extensive high elevation stands in the Sierra Nevada; its close relative A. procera occurs in small mountaintop populations relatively isolated from one another. As expected for isolated populations, A. procera produces large interpopulation variation in morphology (J.Maze and W.H. Parker 1983) and chemistry (E.Zavarin et al. 1978). Where the two species meet in southern Oregon and northern California, many populations are intermediate; these have been called A. magnifica var. shastensis Lemmon. The status of such intermediates is unsettled. They may be accepted as hybrids between A. magnifica and A. procera (Liu T. S. 1971) or, alternatively, the paleontological record suggests that the two species may have originated from the intermediates (E.Zavarin et al. 1978). Individuals from this region should be assigned to A. magnifica, A. procera, or A. magnifica × procera (E.L. Parker 1963), depending on the morphologic criteria selected to differentiate the species, though clearly these individuals are genetically quite different from those near the type localities of the two species.</p><!--
+
|discussion=<p><i>Abies magnifica</i> often exists in extensive high elevation stands in the Sierra <i>Nevada</i>; its close relative <i>A. procera</i> occurs in small mountaintop populations relatively isolated from one another. As expected for isolated populations, <i>A. procera</i> produces large interpopulation variation in morphology (J.Maze and W.H. Parker 1983) and chemistry (E.Zavarin et al. 1978). Where the two species meet in southern Oregon and northern California, many populations are intermediate; these have been called <i>A. magnifica</i> <i></i>var.<i> shastensis</i> Lemmon. The status of such intermediates is unsettled. They may be accepted as hybrids between <i>A. magnifica</i> and <i>A. procera</i> (Liu T. S. 1971) or, alternatively, the paleontological record suggests that the two species may have originated from the intermediates (E.Zavarin et al. 1978). Individuals from this region should be assigned to <i>A. magnifica</i>, <i>A. procera</i>, or <i>A. magnifica</i> × procera (E.L. Parker 1963), depending on the morphologic criteria selected to differentiate the species, though clearly these individuals are genetically quite different from those near the type localities of the two species.</p><!--
--><p>An extensive study of this variation, as proposed by E.Zavarin et al. (1978), is warranted. Such a study should consider data from the type localities as a basis of comparison. Moreover, to evaluate this situation critically, one should first determine if any genetic exchange occurs between Abies lasiocarpa and A. procera that may complicate an evaluation.</p>
+
--><p>An extensive study of this variation, as proposed by E.Zavarin et al. (1978), is warranted. Such a study should consider data from the type localities as a basis of comparison. Moreover, to evaluate this situation critically, one should first determine if any genetic exchange occurs between <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> and <i>A. procera</i> that may complicate an evaluation.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references=
 
|references=
Line 33: Line 37:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Abies magnifica
 
name=Abies magnifica
|author=
 
 
|authority=A. Murray bis
 
|authority=A. Murray bis
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
Line 46: Line 49:
 
|publication title=Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London
 
|publication title=Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London
 
|publication year=1863
 
|publication year=1863
|special status=
+
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_299.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_299.xml
 
|genus=Abies
 
|genus=Abies
 
|species=Abies magnifica
 
|species=Abies magnifica
|2n chromosome count=24
 
|adaxial surface coloration=blue-green;silvery blue
 
|apex shape=round;pointed;,;rounded;sharp-pointed;rounded
 
|band count=2;single;2
 
|band pubescence=glaucous;glaucous
 
|bark architecture=furrowed
 
|bark coloration=grayish
 
|bark width=thickening;thin
 
|basal scale coating=not resinous
 
|basal scale height or length or size=short
 
|basal scale pubescence=pubescent
 
|basal scale shape=triangular
 
|basal scale width=broad
 
|body coloration=dark reddish-brown
 
|bract orientation=reflexed
 
|bract position=included;exserted
 
|branch orientation=descending;ascending
 
|branch reproduction=fertile;fertile
 
|bud prominence=hidden
 
|cotyledon count=7;8
 
|cross-section odor=camphorlike
 
|cross-section prominence or shape=flat
 
|crown shape=conic
 
|distal portion arrangement=divergent
 
|distal portion some measurement=2mm;3mm
 
|groove fragility=weak
 
|leaf arrangement=1-ranked
 
|leaf fragility=flexible
 
|leaf length=2cm;3.7cm
 
|leaf width=2
 
|margin shape=entire;crenate
 
|plate coloration=reddish
 
|pollen cone coloration=reddish-brown;purple
 
|proximal portion fixation or orientation=appressed
 
|resin canal size=small
 
|resin drop coating=not resinous
 
|resin drop coloration=dark-brown
 
|resin drop prominence=exposed
 
|resin drop shape=ovoid
 
|resin drop size=small
 
|ridge width=4 times wider than furrows
 
|row atypical count=10;13
 
|row count=10;4;5
 
|scale length=3
 
|scale pubescence=pubescent
 
|scale width=4
 
|seed length=15
 
|seed width=6
 
|seed-cone architecture=sessile
 
|seed-cone coloration=purple at-first but becoming yellowish-brown or greenish brown
 
|seed-cone length=15cm;20cm
 
|seed-cone shape=oblong-cylindric
 
|seed-cone width=7cm;10cm
 
|stomatal atypical count=10;13
 
|stomatal count=10;4;5
 
|tree some measurement=0m;57m
 
|trunk diameter=0m;2.5m
 
|twig arrangement=opposite;whorled
 
|twig coloration=light yellow;more or less tan
 
|twig pubescence=reddish-pubescent
 
|wing coloration=rose
 
|year count=1;2
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Abies]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Abies]]

Latest revision as of 20:22, 5 November 2020

Trees to 57m; trunk to 2.5m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark grayish, thin, with age thickening and becoming deeply furrowed with ridges being often 4 times wider than furrows, plates reddish. Branches ascending in upper crown, descending in lower crown; twigs opposite to whorled, light yellow to ± tan, reddish pubescent for 1–2 years. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, usually dark brown, ovoid, small, not resinous or with resin drop near tip, apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, densely pubescent, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2–3.7cm × 2mm, mostly 1-ranked, flexible, the proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent; cross section flat, with or without weak groove adaxially toward leaf base, or cross section 3–4-sided on fertile branches; odor camphorlike; abaxial surface with 2 glaucous bands, each band with 4–5 stomatal rows; adaxial surface blue-green to silvery blue, with single glaucous band that may divide into 2 toward leaf base, band with (8–)10(–13) stomatal rows at midleaf; apex rounded or, on fertile branches, somewhat pointed; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination ± purple or reddish brown. Seed cones oblong-cylindric, 15–20 × 7–10cm, purple at first but becoming yellowish brown or greenish brown, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 3 × 4cm, pubescent; bracts included to exserted and reflexed (Shasta red fir) over scales. Seeds 15 × 6mm, body dark reddish brown; wing about as long as body, rose; cotyledons 7–8. 2n =24.


Habitat: Mixed coniferous forests
Elevation: 1400–2700m

Discussion

Abies magnifica often exists in extensive high elevation stands in the Sierra Nevada; its close relative A. procera occurs in small mountaintop populations relatively isolated from one another. As expected for isolated populations, A. procera produces large interpopulation variation in morphology (J.Maze and W.H. Parker 1983) and chemistry (E.Zavarin et al. 1978). Where the two species meet in southern Oregon and northern California, many populations are intermediate; these have been called A. magnifica var. shastensis Lemmon. The status of such intermediates is unsettled. They may be accepted as hybrids between A. magnifica and A. procera (Liu T. S. 1971) or, alternatively, the paleontological record suggests that the two species may have originated from the intermediates (E.Zavarin et al. 1978). Individuals from this region should be assigned to A. magnifica, A. procera, or A. magnifica × procera (E.L. Parker 1963), depending on the morphologic criteria selected to differentiate the species, though clearly these individuals are genetically quite different from those near the type localities of the two species.

An extensive study of this variation, as proposed by E.Zavarin et al. (1978), is warranted. Such a study should consider data from the type localities as a basis of comparison. Moreover, to evaluate this situation critically, one should first determine if any genetic exchange occurs between Abies lasiocarpa and A. procera that may complicate an evaluation.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.