Difference between revisions of "Xanthium strumarium"
Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.
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|common_names=Cocklebur;lampourde glouteron | |common_names=Cocklebur;lampourde glouteron | ||
+ | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
+ | |code=F | ||
+ | |label=Illustrated | ||
+ | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium americanum | |name=Xanthium americanum | ||
|authority=Walter | |authority=Walter | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium chasei | |name=Xanthium chasei | ||
|authority=Fernald | |authority=Fernald | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium chinense | |name=Xanthium chinense | ||
|authority=Miller | |authority=Miller | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium curvescens | |name=Xanthium curvescens | ||
|authority=Millspaugh & Sherff | |authority=Millspaugh & Sherff | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium cylindricum | |name=Xanthium cylindricum | ||
|authority=Millspaugh & Fernald | |authority=Millspaugh & Fernald | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium echinatum | |name=Xanthium echinatum | ||
|authority=Murray | |authority=Murray | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium echinellum | |name=Xanthium echinellum | ||
|authority=Greene ex Rydberg | |authority=Greene ex Rydberg | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium globosum | |name=Xanthium globosum | ||
|authority=C. Schull | |authority=C. Schull | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium inflexum | |name=Xanthium inflexum | ||
|authority=Mackenzie & Bush | |authority=Mackenzie & Bush | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium italicum | |name=Xanthium italicum | ||
|authority=Moretti | |authority=Moretti | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium orientale | |name=Xanthium orientale | ||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium oviforme | |name=Xanthium oviforme | ||
|authority=Wallroth | |authority=Wallroth | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium pensylvanicum | |name=Xanthium pensylvanicum | ||
|authority=Wallroth | |authority=Wallroth | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium speciosum | |name=Xanthium speciosum | ||
|authority=Kearney | |authority=Kearney | ||
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. canadense | |name=Xanthium strumarium var. canadense | ||
|authority=(Miller) Torrey & A. Gray | |authority=(Miller) Torrey & A. Gray | ||
+ | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum | |name=Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum | ||
|authority=(de Candolle) Cronquist | |authority=(de Candolle) Cronquist | ||
+ | |rank=variety | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium varians | |name=Xanthium varians | ||
− | |authority= | + | |authority= |
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Xanthium wootonii | |name=Xanthium wootonii | ||
− | |authority= | + | |authority= |
+ | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae;Xanthium;Xanthium strumarium | |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae;Xanthium;Xanthium strumarium | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Xanthium strumarium | name=Xanthium strumarium | ||
− | |||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication title=Sp. Pl. | |publication title=Sp. Pl. | ||
|publication year=1753 | |publication year=1753 | ||
− | |special status= | + | |special status=Illustrated |
− | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_27.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | ||
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae | |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae |
Latest revision as of 21:11, 5 November 2020
Plants 10–80(–200) cm; nodal spines 0. Leaves: petioles 20–100(–140+) mm; blades suborbiculate to ± pentagonal or deltate, 4–12(–18+) × 3–10(–18+) cm, sometimes palmately 3–5-lobed, abaxial faces green, hirtellous. Burs 10–30+ mm. 2n = 36.
Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat: Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture
Elevation: 10–2000 m
Distribution
![V21-27-distribution-map.gif](/w/images/7/70/V21-27-distribution-map.gif)
Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, Central America, South America, widely introduced in Old World.
Discussion
Recognition of a dozen or more taxa (treated as species, subspecies, varieties, and/or forms) has been proposed for plants treated together here as Xanthium strumarium. Bases for the various taxa mostly involved subtle differences in the burs.
Selected References
None.