Difference between revisions of "Quercus phellos"

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 994. 1753.

Common names: Willow oak
EndemicIllustrated
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
FNA>Volume Importer
 
imported>Volume Importer
 
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|common_names=Willow oak
 
|common_names=Willow oak
 
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 +
|code=W1
 +
|label=
 +
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|code=E
 
|code=E
 
|label=Endemic
 
|label=Endemic
 
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|code=F
 
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
+
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|code=W
 
|label=Weedy
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
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}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree some measurement"><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, to 30 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;bark coloration;bark relief;inner bark coloration"><b>Bark </b>dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="twig coloration;twig diameter;twig pubescence"><b>Twigs </b>reddish-brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="terminal bud coloration;terminal bud shape;terminal bud some measurement;apex shape;apex pubescence"><b>Terminal </b>buds chestnut-brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex acute, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole atypical some measurement;petiole some measurement;petiole pubescence;petiole pubescence"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole 2-4 (-6) mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade arrangement;leaf-blade arrangement;leaf-blade arrangement;leaf-blade width;leaf-blade length;middle width;base shape;margin architecture or shape;apical awn quantity;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade linear to narrowly elliptic, usually widest near middle, 50-120 × 10-25 mm, base acute, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="surface coloration;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface coloration;surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, adaxially light green, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="acorn duration"><b>Acorns </b>biennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="cup shape;cup width;cup width;nut quantity;outer surface pubescence;inner surface coloration;inner surface pubescence;scale tip fixation or orientation;scale tip shape">cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 3-6.5 mm high × 7.5-11 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light-brown, pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="nut shape;nut shape;nut shape;nut length;nut width;nut coloration or pubescence or relief;nut pubescence;scar diam">nut ovoid to hemispheric, 8-12 × 6.5-10 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-6 mm.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, to 30 m. <b>Bark</b> dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange. <b>Twigs</b> reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. <b>Terminal</b> buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex acute, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole 2-4(-6) mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy. <b>Leaf</b> blade linear to narrowly elliptic, usually widest near middle, 50-120 × 10-25 mm, base acute, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, adaxially light green, glabrous. <b>Acorns</b> biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 3-6.5 mm high × 7.5-11 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown, pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to hemispheric, 8-12 × 6.5-10 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-6 mm.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
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|elevation=0-400 m
 
|elevation=0-400 m
 
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.
 
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.
|discussion=<p>Individual trees with leaves softly pubescent abaxially may be classified as Quercus phellos forma intonsa Fernald; however, such leaves are known to occur on second-flush shoots from twigs bearing typical leaves.</p><!--
+
|discussion=<p>Individual trees with leaves softly pubescent abaxially may be classified as <i>Quercus phellos</i> forma intonsa Fernald; however, such leaves are known to occur on second-flush shoots from twigs bearing typical leaves.</p><!--
--><p>Quercus phellos reportedly hybridizes with Q. coccinea (W. W. Ashe 1894); with Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×giffordi Trelease) and Q. incana (E. J. Palmer 1948); and with Q. marilandica, Q. nigra, Q. pagoda (= Q. ×ludoviciana Sargent), Q. palustris, Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and Q. velutina. D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. hemisphaerica, Q. imbricaria, Q. laurifolia, and Q. pumila.</p>
+
--><p><i>Quercus phellos</i> reportedly hybridizes with <i>Q. coccinea</i> (W. W. Ashe 1894); with <i>Q. ilicifolia</i> (= Q. ×giffordi Trelease) and <i>Q. incana</i> (E. J. Palmer 1948); and with <i>Q. marilandica</i>, <i>Q. nigra</i>, <i>Q. pagoda</i> (= Q. ×ludoviciana Sargent), <i>Q. palustris</i>, <i>Q. rubra</i>, <i>Q. shumardii</i>, and <i>Q. velutina</i>. D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with <i>Q. hemisphaerica</i>, <i>Q. imbricaria</i>, <i>Q. laurifolia</i>, and <i>Q. pumila</i>.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references=
 
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Quercus phellos
 
name=Quercus phellos
|author=
 
 
|authority=Linnaeus
 
|authority=Linnaeus
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
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|publication title=Sp. Pl.
 
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
 
|publication year=1753
 
|publication year=1753
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated;Weedy
+
|special status=W1;Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_947.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_947.xml
 
|genus=Quercus
 
|genus=Quercus
 
|section=Quercus sect. Lobatae
 
|section=Quercus sect. Lobatae
 
|species=Quercus phellos
 
|species=Quercus phellos
|acorn duration=biennial
 
|apex pubescence=glabrous
 
|apex shape=acute;acute
 
|apical awn quantity=1
 
|bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
 
|bark coloration=darker;dark gray
 
|bark relief=fissured
 
|base shape=acute
 
|cup shape=saucer--shaped
 
|cup width=×7.5-11;3mm;6.5mm
 
|inner bark coloration=light orange
 
|inner surface coloration=light-brown
 
|inner surface pubescence=pubescent
 
|leaf-blade arrangement=linear;narrowly elliptic
 
|leaf-blade length=50mm;120mm
 
|leaf-blade width=widest
 
|margin architecture or shape=entire
 
|middle width=10mm;25mm
 
|nut coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
 
|nut length=8mm;12mm
 
|nut pubescence=glabrate
 
|nut quantity=1/4;1/3
 
|nut shape=ovoid;hemispheric
 
|nut width=6.5mm;10mm
 
|outer surface pubescence=puberulent
 
|petiole atypical some measurement=4mm;6mm
 
|petiole pubescence=hairy;glabrous
 
|petiole some measurement=2mm;4mm
 
|scale tip fixation or orientation=appressed
 
|scale tip shape=acute
 
|scar diam=4.5mm;6mm
 
|surface coloration=light green;pale green
 
|surface pubescence=glabrous;pubescent;glabrous
 
|terminal bud coloration=chestnut-brown
 
|terminal bud shape=ovoid
 
|terminal bud some measurement=2mm;4mm
 
|tree duration=deciduous
 
|tree some measurement=0m;30m
 
|twig coloration=reddish-brown
 
|twig diameter=1mm;2mm
 
|twig pubescence=glabrous
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Quercus sect. Lobatae]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Quercus sect. Lobatae]]

Latest revision as of 21:52, 5 November 2020

Trees, deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange. Twigs reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4(-6) mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy. Leaf blade linear to narrowly elliptic, usually widest near middle, 50-120 × 10-25 mm, base acute, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, adaxially light green, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 3-6.5 mm high × 7.5-11 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown, pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to hemispheric, 8-12 × 6.5-10 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-6 mm.


Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Of bottomland flood plains, also on stream banks, dunes, and terraces, and, occasionally, on poorly drained uplands
Elevation: 0-400 m

Distribution

V3 947-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Ark., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.

Discussion

Individual trees with leaves softly pubescent abaxially may be classified as Quercus phellos forma intonsa Fernald; however, such leaves are known to occur on second-flush shoots from twigs bearing typical leaves.

Quercus phellos reportedly hybridizes with Q. coccinea (W. W. Ashe 1894); with Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×giffordi Trelease) and Q. incana (E. J. Palmer 1948); and with Q. marilandica, Q. nigra, Q. pagoda (= Q. ×ludoviciana Sargent), Q. palustris, Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and Q. velutina. D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. hemisphaerica, Q. imbricaria, Q. laurifolia, and Q. pumila.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Quercus phellos"
Richard J. Jensen +
Linnaeus +
Willow oak +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +  and Va. +
0-400 m +
Of bottomland flood plains, also on stream banks, dunes, and terraces, and, occasionally, on poorly drained uplands +
Flowering spring. +
W1 +, Endemic +  and Illustrated +
Quercus phellos +
Quercus sect. Lobatae +
species +